5 zoo siv rau txhuas thiab zinc
Cov hmoov txhuas thiab zinc yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev lag luam tshuab, kev lag luam tub rog, kev lag luam metallurgical, kev lag luam tshuaj, kev lag luam teeb thiab kev lag luam tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau lead kuj muaj ntau yam siv hauv kev lag luam nuclear, kev lag luam roj av thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov hlau lead yog siv los tsim cov roj teeb txhuas-acid.
Zinc yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau raw khoom. Zinc yog thib ob tsuas yog tooj liab thiab txhuas hauv kev noj cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Zinc hlau muaj cov khoom zoo dov, hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, thiab tuaj yeem ua nrog ntau yam hlau nrog lub cev zoo thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Zoo heev alloy. Cov khoom tseem ceeb uas tsim los ntawm thawj cov tuam txhab zinc yog: hlau zinc, zinc-based alloys, thiab zinc oxide. Cov khoom no tau siv dav thiab feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
1. Galvanized. Siv los tiv thaiv corrosion (xws li cov ntawv galvanized), nws yog dav siv hauv tsheb, kev tsim kho, nkoj, kev lag luam teeb thiab lwm yam lag luam, suav txog kwv yees li 46% ntawm kev siv zinc.
Zinc muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau atmospheric corrosion, yog li zinc feem ntau yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau cov qauv. Tom qab qhov saum npoo ntawm qhov kub-dip galvanized alloy rau electroplating yog oxidized, ib txheej thiab zoo tiv thaiv txheej ntawm zinc carbonate ZnCO3o3Zn (OH) 2 oxide zaj duab xis yuav raug tsim. Cov oxide zaj duab xis tiv thaiv txheej no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm pwm. Vim tias cov ntawv zinc alloy muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo rau atmospheric corrosion, Western lub teb chaws kuj tau pib sim siv lawv ncaj qha los ua cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev. Lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv lawv li cov ntawv ru tsev tuaj yeem ntev li 120-140 xyoo, thiab lawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua. Txawm li cas los xij, siv cov hlau galvanized Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag raws li cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev feem ntau yog 5-10 xyoo.
2. Kev tsim cov khoom siv tooj liab (xws li tooj dag). Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim tsheb thiab tshuab kev lag luam, suav txog li 15% ntawm kev siv zinc.
Zinc muaj cov khoom siv kho kom zoo. Lub zog thiab hardness ntawm zinc nws tus kheej tsis siab. Tom qab ntxiv aluminium, tooj liab thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab, nws lub zog thiab hardness yog zoo heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm zinc-tooj liab-titanium alloy, nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab tau nce los yog mus txog qib ntawm aluminium alloy, tooj dag, creep kuj ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau kuj tau zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, zinc-tooj liab-titanium alloy tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho vajtse.
3. Siv rau casting zinc alloy. Feem ntau tuag castings, siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, lub teeb kev lag luam thiab lwm yam lag luam, accounting txog li 15% ntawm zinc siv.
Ntau cov zinc alloys muaj cov khoom ua tau zoo, thiab qhov kev ua tiav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 60% -80%. Nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo nruab nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tuaj yeem sib sib zog nqus nqus, thiab muaj lub zog ntawm tus kheej lubricating, uas txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm pwm. Nws tuaj yeem welded los ntawm brazing, kuj welding, los yog arc vuam (yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv helium), thiab saum npoo yuav electroplated thiab pleev xim rau. Nws muaj kev ua tau zoo txiav thiab muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws superplastic nyob rau hauv qee yam mob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, zinc muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau electromagnetic teb. Lub conductivity ntawm zinc yog 29% ntawm tus qauv hluav taws xob tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xov tooj cua zaus cuam tshuam, zinc phaj yog ib yam khoom siv tiv thaiv zoo heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias zinc tsis yog hlau nplaum, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv ntsuas, ntsuas casings thiab npib. Tsis tas li ntawd, zinc yuav tsis tsim sparks los ntawm nws tus kheej los yog thaum nws sib tsoo nrog lwm yam hlau, ua rau nws haum rau underground explosion-proof khoom.
4. Siv los ua zinc oxide. Nws yog dav siv hauv roj hmab, xim, enamel, tshuaj, luam ntawv, fiber ntau thiab lwm yam lag luam, suav txog li 11% ntawm kev siv zinc.
5. Siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb qhuav, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zinc ncuav mog qab zib thiab zinc phaj, accounting txog li 13% ntawm zinc siv.
Zinc muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo. Zinc tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog NH4CI kom tso H + zoo ions. Zinc-manganese dioxide roj teeb coj kom zoo dua ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm zinc. Zinc alloy yog siv los ua lub plhaub roj teeb, uas tsis yog tsuas yog lub thawv rau lub roj teeb electrolyte, tab sis kuj koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv roj teeb los tsim cov anode ntawm lub roj teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej no kuj tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj.
Kev noj cov hmoov txhuas hauv ntiaj teb no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv lead-acid roj teeb, tshuaj lom neeg, txhuas phaj thiab kav dej, solders thiab metallurgy. Ntawm lawv, cov roj ntsha lead-acid yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv lead ua. Nyob rau hauv 2009, lead-acid roj teeb noj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj Cov proportions ntawm txhuas mus txog 86%, 86% thiab 81.4% feem. Raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev noj cov hmoov txhuas hauv lwm qhov chaw yog qhov tsawg.
