2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem pyrometallurgical
(1) Flash smelting
Flash smelting muaj peb hom: Inco flash furnace, Outokumpu flash furnace thiab ConTop. Flash smelting yog ib txoj kev smelting uas ua rau siv tag nrho cov active nto ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv av kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov txheej txheem smelting. Tom qab cov concentrated qhuav heev, nws yog txau rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntauwd nrog oxygen-enriched cua ua ke nrog cov qhuav flux. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau raug tshem tawm hauv huab cua rau 1-3 vib nas this, thiab cov zaub mov sulfide tau nrawm oxidized los ntawm qhov kub-kub oxidizing airflow, tso tawm ntau cov cua sov kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv smelting, piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem ua matte. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom poob rau hauv lub tank sedimentation ntawm lub qhov cub hluav taws xob rau cov sedimentation, kom cov tooj liab matte thiab slag tau sib cais ntxiv. Txoj kev no tsuas yog siv rau matte smelting ntawm sulfide ores xws li tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee.
Flash smelting pib tsim nyob rau hauv lig 1950s thiab tau raug txhawb nqa thiab siv nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj 40 lub tuam txhab. Vim kev txhim kho tas mus li, nws tau ua tau zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis no muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntau lawm, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab muaj kuab paug tsawg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tooj liab tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm ib qho system tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 400, 000 t / a, uas yog tsim rau cov chaw tsim khoom uas muaj qhov ntsuas ntau dua 200, 000 t / a. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum tau ua kom qhuav kom qhuav kom cov dej noo tsawg dua 0.3%, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog tsawg dua 1 hli, thiab cov impurity txhuas thiab zinc hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 6%. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yog cov cuab yeej siv, cov pa luam yeeb siab, cov ntsiab lus tooj liab siab hauv slag, thiab yuav tsum tau depleted.
Qhov sib tw tshaj plaws, loj hlob sai tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv flash smelting yog Outokumpu flash smelting. Tus nqi ntawm cov tooj liab tsim los ntawm txoj kev no suav nrog ntau tshaj ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov tooj liab tsim. Flash smelting muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej paub tab thiab txhim khu kev qha, qib siab ntawm automation, kev siv ntau lawm, kev ua haujlwm qis, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo. Nws yog hu ua tus txheej txheem huv tooj liab smelting txheej txheem.
Outokumpu flash furnace: Cov cuab yeej no yog cov thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws tooj liab smelting hauv ntiaj teb, nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Lub "ob npaug nyem" tooj liab smelting tshuab los ntawm lub computer online optimization tswj system yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tooj liab smelting ntau. Raws li cov kev cai ib puag ncig tau nce zuj zus, PS hloov pauv ntawm cov smelters qub tau dhau los lawm thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ib puag ncig. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm thermal tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab kev tsim slag, qib ntawm matte smelted los ntawm PS converter yog tsis zoo li ntau tshaj 65%. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab ua kom muaj pa oxygen nplua nuj, thermal tshuav nyiaj li cas tuaj yeem lav tau, yog li qib ntawm matte smelted los ntawm flash smelting tuaj yeem ncav cuag lossis ntau tshaj 70%, ua rau smelting efficiency siab heev, uas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov cuab yeej technology ntawm "plaub highs" ntawm tooj liab flash smelting - siab pub, qib siab, siab oxygen concentration thiab high tshav kub load.
