3 Tooj
Bronze yog cov khoom siv thaum ntxov tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm. Nws Ameslikas hais txog tooj liab-tin alloy. Vim nws cov xim xiav-grey, nws hu ua bronze. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau, lwm cov hlau alloying xws li txhuas, zinc, phosphorus, thiab lwm yam ntxiv rau feem ntau cov bronzes. Txij li cov tin yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj, ntau tin-dawb Wuxi bronzes tseem siv hauv kev lag luam. Lawv tsis yog pheej yig xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua. Bronze kuj tau muab faib ua ob pawg: kev ua haujlwm siab thiab cov khoom siv casting.
Code: Txoj kev sawv cev yog tsim los ntawm "Q + lub ntsiab cim cim thiab pawg pawg + pawg ntau ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus". Casting khoom ntxiv "Z" ua ntej cov cai, xws li: Qal7 sawv cev rau txhuas bronze nrog 5% txhuas thiab tus so tooj liab. ZQsn10-1 sawv cev rau cam khwb cia tin bronze nrog 10% tin, 1% lwm yam alloying ntsiab, thiab lwm yam tooj liab. Bronze yuav muab faib ua tin bronze thiab tshwj xeeb bronze (ie Wuxi bronze).
(1) Nws yog tooj liab-tin alloy nrog tin ua lub ntsiab tseem ceeb, tseem hu ua tin bronze.
Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin tsawg dua 5 ~ 6%, tin dissolves nyob rau hauv tooj liab los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem, thiab cov yas nce ntxiv. Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin ntau dua 5 ~ 6%, vim qhov pom ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj raws li Cu31Sb8, lub zog tensile txo. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tin bronze yog feem ntau ntawm 3 ~ 14%. Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin tsawg dua 5%, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua kom txias deformation, thiab thaum cov ntsiab lus tin yog 5 ~ 7%, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm kub deformation. Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin ntau dua 10%, nws tsim nyog rau casting.
Txij li thaum ib tug nyob ze rau lub electrode muaj peev xwm, thiab cov tin nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsim ib tug ntom tin dioxide zaj duab xis tom qab nitridation, corrosion kuj rau cov huab cua thiab dej hiav txwv nce, tab sis cov acid kuj tsis zoo.
Vim tias tin bronze muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntau ntau thiab cov dej tsis zoo, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim cov kab noj hniav, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim dendrite segregation thiab dispersed shrinkage kab noj hniav. Lub casting shrinkage tus nqi yog me me, uas yog qhov tsim nyog kom tau txais castings nrog qhov ntau thiab tsawg ze rau cov pwm casting. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim rau casting tej yam kev mob nrog complex duab thiab tuab phab ntsa, tab sis tsis haum rau castings uas yuav tsum tau high ntom thiab zoo sealing. Tin bronze muaj qhov zoo tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, tiv thaiv kev sib nqus thiab tsis tshua muaj kub toughness. Tin bronze tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg raws li txoj kev tsim khoom: kev ua haujlwm siab tin bronze thiab cam khwb cia tin bronze.
A. Siab ua tiav tin bronze
Cov ntsiab lus tin feem ntau tsawg dua 8%, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub ua rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xws li daim hlau, strips, rods, thiab hlab. Tom qab hardening, nws lub zog tensile thiab hardness nce, thaum nws plasticity txo. Tom qab annealing, nws muaj peev xwm tuav tau siab tensile lub zog thiab txhim kho plasticity, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tau txais siab elastic txwv. Qsn4-3Qsn6.5~0.1 feem ntau yog siv rau cov cuab yeej uas yuav tsum tau corrosion-resistant thiab hnav-resistant qhov chaw, elastic qhov chaw, anti-magnetic qhov chaw, thiab zawv zawg bearings thiab lub tes tsho hauv tshuab.
B. Cam khwb cia hlau bronze
Muab los ua ingots, cam khwb cia rau hauv castings los ntawm lub foundry, haum rau castings nrog complex duab tab sis tsawg ceev yuav tsum tau, xws li zawv zawg bearings, gears, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau siv yog ZQsn 10-1ZQsn6-6-3.
2) Cov tooj liab tshwj xeeb
Ntxiv lwm cov khoom los hloov tin, lossis tin-dawb bronze. Feem ntau cov bronzes tshwj xeeb muaj cov khoom siv ntau dua, hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion tsis kam tshaj tin bronze. Feem ntau siv yog txhuas bronze (QAL7QAL5) txhuas bronze (ZQPB30), thiab lwm yam.
Copper-based alloys nrog npib tsib xee ua lub ntsiab ntxiv yog silvery dawb thiab hu ua dawb tooj liab. Cov ntsiab lus nickel feem ntau yog 10%, 15%, thiab 20%. Cov ntsiab lus siab dua, cov xim dawb. Copper-nickel binary alloys yog hu ua dawb tooj liab, thiab tooj liab-nickel alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li manganese, hlau, zinc thiab txhuas yog hu ua complex dawb tooj liab. Ntshiab tooj liab ntxiv rau npib tsib xee tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog, tiv thaiv corrosion, tsis kam thiab thermoelectric zog. Kev lag luam cupronickel tau muab faib ua cov qauv cupronickel thiab hluav taws xob cupronickel raws li nws cov yam ntxwv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ntau yam kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob thiab thermal zog.
