Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov tooj liab-nickel alloys, suav nrog kev tshawb fawb txog kev faib tawm, cov khoom siv thiab kev siv, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys
Paub meej: Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam hauv hiav txwv tau tso cov kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv marine engineering, suav nrog cov tooj liab dawb, uas yog siv dav hauv nkoj, qee cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob, thiab dej hiav txwv desalination. Vim hais tias nws yuav raug mus rau lub sij hawm ntev seawater yaig thiab corrosion, yog hais tias tus corrosion kuj tsis ua raws li cov kev cai siv, corrosion tsis ua hauj lwm yuav tshwm sim, ua rau cov loj loj poob. Yog li ntawd, cov tooj liab dawb tau nyiam cov xim zoo nkauj vim nws cov dej hiav txwv zoo corrosion kuj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo yaig corrosion) thiab corrosion qaug zog tsis kam, zoo heev txias thiab kub ua hauj lwm, thiab siab tensile zog, yield zog thiab lwm yam khoom.
Lo lus tseem ceeb: tooj liab; muaj pes tsawg leeg; corrosion kuj; daim ntawv thov
CTL tus naj npawb: TG146.15 Cov ntaub ntawv code: A
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam marine, cov khoom xaiv ntawm seawater txias tshuab tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm thaum ntxov TUP tooj liab, txhuas tooj dag, thiab stainless hlau mus rau tam sim no tooj liab-nickel alloy nrog zoo dua rau seawater corrosion. Dawb tooj liab siv npib tsib xee ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab muaj ib qho me me ntawm Fe, Mn thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus los tsim ib qho kev daws teeb meem txuas ntxiv-ib-theem, muab nws zoo ductility, cuam tshuam tsis kam thiab thermal stability. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev daws teeb meem tsis kawg ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub thiab txias tom qab, yog li nws muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab corrosion kuj ntawm cov hlau. Kab lus no qhia txog cov xim dawb tooj liab sib txawv thiab lawv cov ntawv thov, thiab qhia txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tiav ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys. Daim duab 1 qhia txog cov txheej txheem offshore platform, thiab Daim duab 2 qhia cov khoom siv ua haujlwm.
1. Kev faib tawm ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys
Daim duab 1 qhia txog qib thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cupronickel alloy. Cupronickel tuaj yeem muab faib ua manganese cupronickel, hlau cupronickel, zoo tib yam cupronickel, aluminium cupronickel thiab zinc cupronickel. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm Ni keeb, nws cov khoom sib txawv, thiab cov sijhawm thov kuj txawv. txawv. Vim nws irreplaceable corrosion kuj thiab ntau yam khoom superior rau tsoos alloys, nws muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo.
2. Khoom thiab kev siv ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys
Ordinary dawb tooj liab feem ntau yog cov qauv tooj liab-nickel alloy. Ntxiv nrog rau nws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab, nws kuj muaj cov khoom siv zoo txhua yam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog, zoo plasticity thiab toughness. Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua rods lossis strips. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntxiv qee cov kab hlau rhuav tshem xws li Fe, Mn, Zn thiab Al ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov tooj liab zoo tib yam tuaj yeem ua tiav cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv tswv yim thiab ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam. Feem ntau siv hlau-nickel tooj liab yog BFe10-1-1 (C70600) thiab
duab.png
BFe30-1-1 (C71500), thaum qhov loj feem ntawm Ni yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 30% thiab 10%, cov hlau muaj qhov dav dua passivation ntau thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj. Cov hlau tseem muaj zog heev tiv thaiv dej hiav txwv yaig thiab corrosion, thiab hu ua "marine engineering alloy". Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm marine engineering tau qhia hauv Table 2.
BFe10-1-1 thiab BFe30-1-1 alloys muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo rau dej hiav txwv yaig thiab corrosion, siab kub hloov coefficient, zoo heev mechanical / vuam zog, inhibition ntawm marine microbial adhesion, thiab lwm yam., thiab tau dav siv. nyob rau hauv nkoj lub ntsiab thiab auxiliary cav. Cov kav dej txias, cov kav dej tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob offshore, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib hloov hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, cov condensers hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv ntug dej hiav txwv, thiab cov brine rhaub hauv ntau theem flash evaporation li rau seawater desalination [2-4]. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, BFe30-1-1 alloy muaj zog dua thiab tseem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv muaj zog xws li shafts, fasteners, valve stems thiab flanges ntawm qee cov khoom siv marine. BFe30-2-2 alloy, uas tiv taus dej hiav txwv yaig corrosion thiab xuab zeb corrosion kuj, tau tsim los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov xuab zeb siab hauv dej hiav txwv hauv Hiav Txwv East China [5]. BFe 10-1-1
duab.png
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm BFe{{{0}}} alloy kav hauv lub xeev nyuaj yuav tsum tau raws li: tensile zog Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 370MPa, yield zog Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 150MPa, elongation Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 18%, Vickers hardness Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 85; corrosion kuj: corrosion npaum (50 degree, 3.5% NaCl seawater) Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.025mm/a, tsis pub pitting corrosion. Manganese dawb tooj liab (BMn{10}} alloy) muaj qhov nruab nrab kuj coefficient, me me kuj kub coefficient thiab yog qhov ruaj khov. Vim nws cov khoom hluav taws xob zoo, BMn 3-12 alloy tuaj yeem siv los ua cov qauv resistors thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv ntawm lwm cov cuab yeej precision. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub sij hawm, qhov yuav tsum tau rau qhov precision ntawm cov twj paj nruag tau nce siab dua, yog li kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlau no tsis tuaj yeem tso tseg ntawm kev hloov cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus [6]. Los ntawm annealing, kab rov tav extrusion tsis ua hauj lwm thiab cov txheej txheem kos duab, BMn 3-12 alloy muaj tshwj xeeb coherent ntxaib ciam teb, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov khoom yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov khoom siv. BMn40-1.5 alloy yog hluav taws xob tooj liab-nickel alloy uas tau siv ua ntej BMn3-12 alloy. Vim tias nws qhov kub me me coefficient ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws muaj qhov kub zoo dua thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Piv nrog BMn 3-12 alloy, BMn 40-1.5 alloy muaj qhov ntsuas kub ntau dua tiv thaiv tooj liab, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, zawv zawg resistors, pib thiab tswj kev hloov pauv thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas kev tiv thaiv rau AC [8 ]. Aluminium-nickel tooj liab muaj ob lub zog siab thiab zoo plasticity thiab toughness. Ntawm lawv, BAl13-3 alloy feem ntau yog siv los ua kom muaj zog dua corrosion-resistant qhov chaw, thiab BAl16-1.5 alloy yog siv los ua lub tiaj tiaj nrog kev siv tseem ceeb. Rau lub sijhawm ntev, txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm aluminium-nickel tooj liab, ib qho me me ntawm cov kab lus feem ntau tau ntxiv los tsim kom muaj zog matrix ntawm aluminium-nickel tooj liab, uas muaj cov conductivity zoo thaum tuav lub zog siab kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov. . Vim tias txhuas-nickel tooj liab muaj lub zog siab, muaj hluav taws xob zoo thiab hnav tsis kam, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv lead ua thiab qhov hnav-tiv taus [9-11].
Zinc cupronickel (BZn{0}}BZn15-20 alloy) kuj hu ua "German silver" [12]. Vim tias zinc-nickel tooj liab muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog tensile zoo, qaug zog tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua lub plhaub ntawm cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv lead ua, cov khoom siv kho mob, cov khoom siv, thiab cov cuab yeej cua tshuab plhaub [13].
3. Copper-nickel alloy kev ua tau zoo
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam nkoj nkoj nkoj, kev lag luam roj thiab roj av, kev lag luam marine mining, marine power thiab seawater desalination industries, cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv tau nce siab dua [16]. Ntawm lawv, cov kav dej tooj liab-nickel alloy feem ntau yog siv. Copper alloy condenser kav rau cov nkoj tau ntev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, siab siab thiab corrosive txias nruab nrab - seawater ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis txaus rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, txhua yam khoom, thiab seawater corrosion kuj ntawm cov khoom kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov kev cai nruj me ntsis yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov geometric dimension, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, lub koom haum sab hauv thiab lwm yam ntsuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kav dej tooj liab-nickel alloy tseem yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo. , high heat transfer coefficient, loj txoj kab uas hla, siab precision, zoo heev mechanical vuam tshuab, thiab muaj peev xwm zoo inhibit qhov adhesion ntawm marine microorganisms [17] thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Tam sim no, vim muaj teeb meem nrog cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv Suav teb, qhov loj-inch tooj liab tube alloys tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua rau loj-tsim thiab feem ntau cia siab rau kev xa khoom txawv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim khoom nyuaj ntawm cov kav hlau loj loj tseem yuav tsum tau kov yeej.
4. Kev tshawb fawb kev nce qib ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys
4.1 Corrosion mechanism ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloy
Daim duab 4 qhia txog ntau yam txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cupronickel hauv dej hiav txwv oxygenated. AB kab hauv daim duab yog cov txheej txheem cathode cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cupronickel hauv dej hiav txwv, uas tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
1/2[O2]+[H2O]+2e−{{6}[OH−] (1)
Cov kab CD hauv daim duab 4 yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv anode ntawm tooj liab dawb yam tsis muaj passivation hauv dej hiav txwv. Nws tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
Cu=Cu++e−(2)
T1, T2, T3 hauv daim duab 4
Qhov nkhaus yog cov txheej txheem anodic tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm passivation ntawm tooj liab dawb hauv dej hiav txwv. Cov kab EF yog cov txheej txheem hydrogen evolution cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tooj liab dawb vim tsis muaj oxygen, yog li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog cov khoom siv corrosion raug tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
Cu(orCu2O)=Cu2++2e−(3)
duab.png
2[Cu2+]+3[OH−]+[Cl−]=Cu2(OH)3Cl (4)
4.2 Kev tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloy
Yuav kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam marine, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys. Deng Chuping [19] pom tias lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm dawb tooj liab ntxiv nrog tsawg ntiaj teb Ce tau txhim kho, thiab cov qauv nplej yog denser. Ntxiv mus, ntxiv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj Ce tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov raug denickel corrosion ntawm cov hlau hauv sulfur-muaj xov xwm. nyiam. Jiang et al. [20] tau kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus Fe sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm B10 alloy, thiab pom tias raws li cov ntsiab lus Fe nce, qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion tau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj zaug nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis, tab sis tsis tau tshawb xyuas ntxiv txog kev tiv thaiv corrosion. . Kev tshawb fawb. Beijing Nonferrous Hlau Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm
Zhang Jianing [21] pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws alloy piv los txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm B10 los ntawm kev tswj Fe / Mn piv. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias thaum Fe / Mn =3: 2, qhov corrosion kuj ntawm cov hlau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Ma et al. [22] ntawm Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb pom tias kev siv cov khoom siv tshuaj + txias dov deformation + recrystallization annealing txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo ntawm cov ciam teb thiab ntxaib ciam teb, yog li tau txais cov hlau nplaum zoo dua corrosion.
5 Kev xaus
Qhov tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog siv tooj liab-nickel alloy raws li qhov pib, piav qhia txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios ntawm cov tooj liab-nickel alloys sib txawv, qhia txog kev ua cov tooj liab condenser tube ntau lawm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloy raj rau domestic marine system pipelines. thov thiab yav tom ntej tiam sis nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys. Cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys tau sau tseg. Tam sim no, qhov kev vam meej tseem ceeb yog los ntawm kev ntxiv cov lej ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsawg hauv ntiaj teb kom ntxiv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv.
Fe keeb, hloov qhov piv ntawm matrix alloy ntsiab thiab grain ciam engineering los txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloys.
