Kev ntsuas qhov tob ntawm tooj liab hauv cables. Cov tooj liab zoo li cas?
Taw qhia: Vim muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv rau kev tsim cov pas nrig tooj liab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab cov tsos ntawm cov pas nrig tooj liab ua tau txawv. Cov pas nrig tooj liab tsim los ntawm Shangying muaj cov ntsiab lus oxygen tsawg dua 10ppm nrog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, uas yog hu ua tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen; cov pas nrig tooj liab uas tsim los ntawm kev nruam nruam yog kub dov nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv, thiab cov pa oxygen nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 200-500ppm, tab sis qee zaum nce mus txog ntau tshaj 700ppm. Feem ntau, cov tooj liab uas ua los ntawm txoj kev no muaj lub ntsej muag ci. Tsawg-oxygen tooj liab pas nrig yog qee zaum hu ua polished rods.
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab pas nrig
Copper pas nrig yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam cable. Muaj ob txoj kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb - nruam casting thiab dov thiab nce nruam casting. Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev nruam casting thiab dov ntawm qis-oxygen tooj liab rods. Cov yam ntxwv yog tias tom qab cov hlau melted nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub tawg, cov kua tooj liab dhau los ntawm lub qhov cub tuav, chute, tundish, thiab nkag mus rau hauv qhov kaw pwm kab noj hniav los ntawm cov yeeb nkab pouring. Qhov kev siv txias txias yog siv los ua kom txias los ua ib qho cam khwb cia, uas yog tom qab ntawd dov hauv ntau qhov hla. Cov pas nrig uas muaj cov pa oxygen uas tsis tshua muaj muaj cov txheej txheem kub ua haujlwm. Tus qauv casting qub tau tawg, thiab cov ntsiab lus oxygen feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 200 thiab 400 ppm. Oxygen-dawb tooj liab rods yog tsim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj siv txoj kev nce nruam casting. Tom qab cov hlau yog melted nyob rau hauv ib tug induction rauv, nws yog nruam nrum los ntawm graphite pwm, thiab ces txias dov los yog txias ua hauj lwm. Cov pas nrig tooj liab uas tsis muaj oxygen uas tsim muaj cov qauv cam khwb cia thiab muaj cov pa oxygen. Tus nqi feem ntau yog qis dua 20ppm. Vim muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam xws li kev tsim qauv, kev faib cov pa oxygen, daim ntawv impurity thiab kev faib tawm, thiab lwm yam.
1. Kev kos duab ua haujlwm
Kev kos duab ntawm cov pas nrig tooj liab muaj feem xyuam rau ntau yam, xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab kev faib tawm, kev tswj cov txheej txheem, thiab lwm yam. Cov hauv qab no yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cov pas nrig tooj liab los ntawm cov saum toj no.
1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev melting ntawm impurities xws li S
Nruam casting thiab dov los tsim tooj liab rods mas melts tooj liab rods los ntawm combustion ntawm roj. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion txheej txheem, los ntawm oxidation thiab volatilization, qee qhov impurities tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov kua tooj liab mus rau qee yam. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev nruam casting thiab dov txoj kev muaj cov khoom siv raw khoom siab heev. qis. Lub sab sauv nruam casting ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen. Txij li thaum lub qhov cub induction yog siv rau melting, "patina" thiab "tooj liab taum" nyob rau saum npoo ntawm electrolytic tooj liab yog yeej melted rau hauv cov kua tooj liab. Lub melted S muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub plasticity ntawm cov pas nrig tsis muaj oxygen thiab yuav ua rau kom cov hlau kos duab tawg.
2. Kev nkag ntawm impurities thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem nruam casting thiab dov yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntawm cov tooj liab los ntawm kev tuav lub cub tawg, chutes, thiab tundishes, uas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau cov khoom siv refractory tev tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm dov, nws yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov yob, ua rau cov hlau poob thiab ua rau cov rods tooj liab puas. Ua rau sab nraud suav nrog. Kev dov ntawm oxides ntawm thiab hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum kub dov yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev kos duab ntawm cov pas nrig hypoxic. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm txoj kev nce toj nruam casting yog luv luv. Cov kua tooj liab ua tiav los ntawm cov dej ntws hauv submersible hauv qhov cub ua ke, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv refractory. Lub crystallization yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov pwm graphite, yog li muaj tsawg qhov chaw muaj kuab paug thiab impurities uas yuav tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem. Muaj tsawg lub sijhawm nkag mus.
O, S, thiab P yog cov khoom uas tsim cov tebchaw nrog tooj liab. Hauv molten tooj liab, oxygen tuaj yeem yaj ib nrab, tab sis thaum tooj liab condenses, oxygen tsis tshua yaj hauv tooj. Cov pa oxygen yaj hauv lub xeev molten precipitates li tooj liab=cuprous oxide eutectic thiab muab faib rau ntawm cov ciam teb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tooj liab-cuprous oxide eutectic ho txo cov plasticity ntawm tooj liab.
Sulfur tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov tooj liab yaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws solubility yog txo kom zero. Nws tshwm nyob rau ntawm cov ciam teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cuprous sulfide, uas yuav txo tau cov plasticity ntawm tooj liab.
3. Cov qauv kev faib tawm cov pa oxygen thiab cov teebmeem hauv cov pas nrig uas tsis muaj pa oxygen thiab cov pas hlau tsis muaj oxygen
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj oxygen tooj liab. Thaum cov ntsiab lus oxygen nce mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tus pas nrig tooj liab muaj qhov tawg qis tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog vim hais tias oxygen ua raws li ib tug scavenger nyob rau hauv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog feem ntau impurities. Cov pa oxygen nruab nrab kuj yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm hydrogen los ntawm cov kua tooj liab, tsim cov dej vapor kom dhau, thiab txo qhov tsim ntawm pores. Cov ntsiab lus oxygen zoo tshaj plaws muab cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem kos duab hlau.
Kev faib tawm ntawm qis-oxygen tooj liab qws oxides: Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm solidification nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd casting, lub tshav kub dissipation tus nqi thiab uniform txias yog lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab tooj liab qws oxide faib. Kev txias tsis sib xws yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv sab hauv ntawm tus pas nrig tooj liab, tab sis hauv kev ua haujlwm thermal tom qab, cov pob zeb siv lead ua feem ntau yuav raug puas ntsoog, ua rau lub khob oxide cov khoom ua kom zoo thiab sib npaug. Ib qho xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov khoom oxide yog qhov nruab nrab tawg. Ntxiv rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm oxide particle tis, tooj liab rods nrog me me oxide hais qhia zoo dua hlau kos cov yam ntxwv, thiab loj Cu2O hais yooj yim ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab concentration ntsiab lus thiab tawg.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab tshaj tus qauv, cov pas nrig tooj liab ua nkig, qhov elongation poob qis, qhov chaw nres nkoj stretched tshwm tsaus liab, thiab cov qauv siv lead ua yog xoob. Thaum cov pa oxygen ntau tshaj 8ppm, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus nqi siab heev ntawm cov pas nrig tawg thiab xaim tawg thaum lub sij hawm casting thiab kos duab. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov pa tuaj yeem tsim ib theem nkig ntawm cuprous oxide nrog tooj liab, tsim ib qho tooj liab-cuprous oxide eutectic, uas tau muab faib rau ntawm ciam teb hauv cov qauv network. Qhov no nkig theem muaj siab hardness thiab yuav sib cais los ntawm lub cev tooj liab thaum lub sij hawm txias deformation, ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm tus pas nrig tooj liab kom txo tau thiab yooj yim ua rau puas thaum lub sij hawm tom qab ua. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen siab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov conductivity ntawm cov pa oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab txo. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev nce qib nruam casting thiab cov khoom zoo yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis.
4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm hydrogen
Nyob rau hauv upward nruam casting, cov ntsiab lus oxygen yog tswj tau qis thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm oxides raug txo kom tsawg, tab sis kev cuam tshuam ntawm hydrogen ua teeb meem loj dua. Muaj qhov sib npaug hauv cov yaj tom qab nqus tau: H2O(g)=[O]+2[H];
Gas thiab porosity yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm crystallization txheej txheem thaum hydrogen precipitates thiab accumulates los ntawm cov tshuaj supersaturated. Cov hydrogen precipitated ua ntej crystallization yuav txo tau cuprous oxide los ua npuas dej. Txij li thaum tus yam ntxwv ntawm upward casting yog crystallization ntawm molten tooj liab los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, cov duab ntawm cov kua tsim yog kwv yees li conical. Cov roj precipitated ua ntej cov kua tooj liab crystallizes yog thaiv nyob rau hauv lub solidification qauv thaum lub sij hawm floating txheej txheem, thiab pores yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub casting pas nrig thaum lub sij hawm crystallization. Thaum cov roj nce siab me me, cov dej nag uas muaj nyob rau ntawm cov ciam teb nplej thiab tsim cov porosity; thaum cov roj cov ntsiab lus siab, nws sib sau ua ke rau hauv pores. Yog li ntawd, pores thiab porosity yog tsim los ntawm ob qho tib si hydrogen thiab dej vapor.
Hydrogen los ntawm ntau yam kev sib txuas hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, xws li "patina" ntawm cov khoom siv raw electrolytic tooj liab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob charcoal **, huab cua ib puag ncig **, thiab graphite crystallizer tsis qhuav, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov kua tooj liab nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub melting yuav tsum tau them nrog ci charcoal, thiab cov electrolytic tooj liab yuav tsum sim tshem tawm "patina", "tooj liab taum" thiab "pob ntseg", uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov pa oxygen. tooj liab rods.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nruam casting thiab dov, hydrogen feem ntau tswj los ntawm kev tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen. Cu2O+ H2= 2Cu+ H2O
Txij li thaum lub molten tooj liab crystallizes los ntawm hauv qab mus rau hauv lub casting txheej txheem, cov dej vapor generated los ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab hydrogen nyob rau hauv lub molten tooj liab tau yooj yim ntab thiab khiav. Feem ntau ntawm cov hydrogen nyob rau hauv molten tooj liab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm zoo, yog li cuam tshuam rau tus pas nrig tooj liab. me me.
