Kev siv tooj liab
Hluav taws xob kev lag luam
Fais fab kis
Kev xa hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj cov tooj liab ntau nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, uas yog siv rau cov xaim hluav taws xob thiab cov cables, tsheb npav, transformers, keyboards, plug-in Cheebtsam thiab connectors.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub hwj chim kis tau tus mob ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables, hluav taws xob lub zog yog nkim vim tsis kam cua sov. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam, "qhov zoo tshaj plaws cable cross-section" tus qauv tam sim no tau nce hauv ntiaj teb. Cov qauv nrov nyob rau yav dhau los tsuas yog ua raws li kev xav ntawm kev txo cov peev hauv ib lub sijhawm installation. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cable, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai ntawm lub cable tau txiav txim siab los tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas tam sim no los ntawm tus tsim. Txawm hais tias tus nqi teeb tsa ntawm lub cable nteg raws li tus qauv no tsawg, qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kuj tseem loj heev thaum siv mus ntev. Tus qauv "optimal cable cross-section" tus qauv coj mus rau hauv tus account ob qho tib si tus nqi ib zaug thiab kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab tsim kom muaj qhov loj ntawm cable kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws. Raws li tus qauv tshiab, cov kab hluav taws xob hla feem ntau yog ntau dua ob npaug tshaj li tus qauv qub, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog txuag ntawm li 50%.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm dhau los, vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov hlau hauv kuv lub tebchaws, txhuas tau siv los hloov cov tooj liab hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv kev cia siab ntawm kev txo qhov hnyav, xav tias qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm txhuas tsuas yog 30% ntawm qhov ntawd. ntawm tooj. Underground cables. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, aluminium pale nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog tooj liab vim nws tsis zoo conductivity thiab loj cable loj.
Rau tib lub laj thawj, nws kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo los hloov cov qub aluminium winding transformer nrog lub zog txuag thiab txuag tooj liab winding transformer.
Motor manufacturing
Nyob rau hauv kev tsim lub cev muaj zog, high-conductivity thiab high-strength tooj liab alloys yog dav siv. Lub ntsiab tooj liab qhov chaw yog stators, rotors, thiab ncej taub hau. Nyob rau hauv cov motors loj, cov windings yog txias nrog dej los yog hydrogen, uas yog hu ua ob chav dej sab hauv txias los yog hydrogen txias motors, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug ntev ntev ntawm hollow hlau.
Motors yog cov neeg siv hluav taws xob loj, suav txog li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov nqi hluav taws xob sib txuas rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog siab heev, feem ntau ncav cuag tus nqi ntawm lub cev muaj zog nws tus kheej hauv thawj 500 teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm, sib npaug li 4 mus rau 16 npaug ntawm tus nqi hauv ib xyoos, thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 200 npaug ntawm tus nqi thaum lub sijhawm. tag nrho lub neej ua haujlwm. Ib qho kev nce me me ntawm lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txuag lub zog, tab sis kuj ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Kev txhim kho thiab kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab yog lub ntsiab lus kub hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Txij li thaum lub zog siv nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov winding, ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau tooj liab yog ib qho kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los tsim cov motors uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Piv nrog cov tsoos motors, kev siv tooj liab windings nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov thawj tsim high-efficiency motors tau nce los ntawm 25% mus rau 100%. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau pab nyiaj rau txoj haujlwm txhim kho los tsim lub cev muaj zog rotors siv cov cuab yeej siv tooj liab.
Kev sib txuas lus cables
Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, vim qhov zoo ntawm qhov loj tam sim no nqa lub peev xwm ntawm fiber ntau optical cables, lawv tau hloov pauv sai ntawm tooj liab cables ntawm cov kab sib txuas lus. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov tooj liab tseem xav tau los hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb lub zog thiab cov kab nkag rau cov neeg siv. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus, tib neeg muaj kev vam khom rau kev sib txuas lus, thiab qhov kev thov rau fiber ntau optical cables thiab tooj liab xov hlau yuav nce ntxiv.
Cov kab hluav taws xob hauv tsev
Raws li kev ua neej nyob ntawm peb cov neeg txhim kho, cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau nrov heev, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev tau loj hlob sai. Raws li pom hauv daim duab 6.6, xyoo 1987, kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev yog 26.96 billion kWh (1 kWh=1 kilowatt-teev), thiab kaum xyoo tom qab xyoo 1996 nws nce mus txog 113.1 billion kWh, nce 3.2 npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv loj piv nrog cov teb chaws tsim kho. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1995, kev siv hluav taws xob ib tus neeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog 14.6 npaug ntawm kuv lub tebchaws, thiab Nyiv yog 8.6 npaug ntawm kuv lub tebchaws. kuv lub teb chaws kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev yuav tseem muaj kev txhim kho zoo rau yav tom ntej. Nws xav tias yuav nce 1.4 npaug ntawm 1996 txog 2005.
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob yog kev lag luam tawm tshiab. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob thriving, nws tau txuas ntxiv tsim cov khoom tshiab thiab cov ntawv thov tshiab. Nws daim ntawv thov tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv nqus tsev thiab cov ntawv luam tawm mus rau microelectronics thiab semiconductor integrated circuits.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum
Cov khoom siv nqus tsev vacuum yog cov khoom siv ntau zaus thiab ultra-high-frequency transmitting tubes, waveguides, magnetrons, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav tsum tau high-purity oxygen-dawb tooj liab thiab dispersion-strengthened oxygen-dawb tooj liab.
Luam Circuit Court
Copper luam tawm Circuit Court yog siv cov ntawv ci tooj liab raws li qhov chaw thiab muab tshuaj txhuam rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yas ua kev txhawb nqa; luam daim duab kab hluav taws xob ntawm lub phaj tooj liab los ntawm kev yees duab; tshem tawm qhov dhau los ntawm etching thiab tawm hauv qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas. Tom qab ntawd, xuas nrig ntaus qhov ntawm kev sib txuas nrog sab nraud ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm, ntxig cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib cais lossis lwm qhov ntawm cov terminals, thiab txuas lawv rau ntawm qhov qhib, kom ua tiav Circuit Court. Yog tias siv txoj kev immersion plating, qhov vuam ntawm txhua qhov txuas tuaj yeem ua tiav ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, rau cov sijhawm uas xav tau kev teeb tsa zoo ntawm circuits, xws li xov tooj cua, TV, khoos phis tawj, thiab lwm yam, kev siv cov ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev xaim thiab kho cov circuits; yog li ntawd, nws yog dav siv thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tooj liab ntawv ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob qis, qis melting point, thiab high-fluidity tooj liab-raws li brazing cov ntaub ntawv tseem xav tau nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm circuits.
Integrated Circuit Court
Lub hauv paus ntawm microelectronics thev naus laus zis yog kev sib xyaw ua ke. Integrated Circuit Court yog hais txog ib lub voj voog me me uas siv cov khoom siv lead ua semiconductor ua cov khoom siv hauv substrates (chips) thiab siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los koom ua ke cov khoom sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas uas ua rau hauv Circuit Court hauv, ntawm qhov chaw, lossis hauv substrate. Qhov microcircuit no yog ntau txhiab zaus me me thiab qhov hnyav dua li qhov feem ntau compact discrete tivthaiv Circuit Court hauv cov qauv. Nws cov tsos tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv computers thiab tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub no. Cov kab hluav taws xob loj-loj sib xyaw ua ke uas tau tsim tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau dua 100,000 lossis ntau lab ntawm transistors ntawm ib qho chaw me me dua tus ntiv tes xoo. IBM (International Business Machines Corporation), ib lub tuam txhab muaj npe nrov thoob ntiaj teb, tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv tooj liab es tsis txhob siv txhuas hauv silicon chips ua kev sib txuas. Hom tshiab ntawm tooj liab microchip no tuaj yeem ua tiav 30% kev ua tau zoo, cov kab loj ntawm lub voj voog tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau 0.12 microns, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov transistors sib xyaw ntawm ib nti tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2 lab. Qhov no tau tsim ib qho teeb meem tshiab rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hlau qub tooj liab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb technology teb ntawm semiconductor integrated circuits.
Hlau ncej
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke lossis hybrid circuit, nws yuav tsum tau ntim khoom; thiab thaum ntim khoom, ntau cov khoom sib txuas hauv Circuit Court raug coj tawm ntawm lub cev kaw. Cov hlau lead no yuav tsum muaj qee lub zog thiab tsim cov pob txha txhawb nqa ntawm lub pob hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke, uas yog hu ua cov hlau lead. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntau lawm, rau high-ceev huab hwm coj ntau lawm, txhuas thav duab feem ntau tsis tu ncua stamped ntawm ib tug hlau sawb nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb kev npaj. Cov ntaub ntawv thav duab suav txog 1/3 txog 1/4 ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab siv ntau ntau; yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum muaj cov nqi qis.
Copper alloys yog pheej yig, muaj lub zog siab, hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal conductivity, kev ua tau zoo heev, koob vuam thiab corrosion kuj, thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm alloying. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov hlau lead thav duab thiab tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov hlau lead. Tam sim no nws yog cov khoom siv tooj liab tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv microelectronic.
Kev lag luam tsheb thauj mus los
Shipbuilding
Vim lawv cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov dej hiav txwv corrosion, ntau cov tooj liab alloys, xws li txhuas bronze, manganese bronze, aluminium brass, gunmetal (tin-zinc bronze), hlau dawb thiab npib tsib xee-tooj liab alloy (monel alloy), tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom. . Feem ntau, tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys suav txog 2 mus rau 3% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov nkoj thiab cov tub lag luam nkoj.
Cov kiv cua ntawm cov nkoj ua rog thiab cov nkoj loj loj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm txhuas bronze lossis tooj dag. Txhua lub kiv cua ntawm lub nkoj loj hnyav hnyav 20 mus rau 25 tons. Cov kiv cua ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth thiab poj huab tais Mary lub dav hlau thauj khoom hnyav 35 tons txhua. Cov tail shafts hnyav ntawm cov nkoj loj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm "Admiral" gunmetal, thiab tapered bolts ntawm rudders thiab propellers kuj yog ua los ntawm tib yam khoom. Hlau thiab tooj liab alloys kuj tseem siv tau ntau hauv cov cav thiab boiler chav. Lub ntiaj teb thawj lub nkoj xa khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tau siv 30-tuj dawb tooj liab condenser. Aluminium tooj dag raj yog siv los ua cov cua kub loj rau cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam. Muaj 12 lub tank cia roj li no ntawm 100, 000- tuj nkoj, thiab cov cua kub sib txuas yog loj heev. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub nkoj kuj yog qhov nyuaj heev. Lub cav, lub cev muaj zog, kev sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam yuav luag tag nrho cia siab rau tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys ua haujlwm. Lub cabins ntawm cov nkoj loj thiab me feem ntau yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hlau thiab tooj liab alloys. Txawm tias cov nkoj ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho nrog cov ntsia hlau thiab cov ntsia hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau alloy (feem ntau yog silicon bronze), uas tuaj yeem ua rau loj-tsim los ntawm dov.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub nkoj los ntawm fouled los ntawm cov kab mob hauv hiav txwv thiab cuam tshuam rau kev taug kev, tooj liab txheej feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv; los yog qhov kev daws teeb meem yog txhuam cov xim tooj liab.
Nyob rau hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, txhawm rau tiv thaiv German magnetic mines, tau tsim cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv magnetic. Ib txoj siv tooj liab tau txuas nrog ib ncig ntawm lub plhaub hlau, thiab cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tau dhau los ua kom lub nkoj sib nqus, kom lub mine tsis tawg. Txij li thaum xyoo 1944, tag nrho cov nkoj Allied, tag nrho txog 18, 000 nkoj, tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej demagnetization no thiab tiv thaiv. Qee qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj yuav tsum tau tooj liab ntau rau lub hom phiaj no. Piv txwv li, ib tug ntawm lawv muaj ib tug tooj liab hlau ntev ntawm 28 mais thiab hnyav txog 30 tons.
Tsheb
Txhua lub tsheb siv 10 mus rau 21 kilograms ntawm tooj liab, nyob ntawm seb hom thiab qhov loj ntawm lub tsheb. Rau ib lub tsheb, nws suav txog li 6 mus rau 9% ntawm nws qhov hnyav. Tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys yog tsuas yog siv rau radiators, nres system pipelines, hydraulic li, gears, bearings, nres kev sib txhuam pads, lub zog faib thiab lub hwj chim systems, gaskets, thiab ntau yam pob qij txha, accessories thiab accessories. Ntawm lawv, lub radiator siv cov hlau loj heev. Niaj hnub nimno tube-siv radiators yog welded rau hauv radiator raj nrog tooj dag strips thiab khoov rau hauv cov dab dej kub nrog nyias tooj liab strips.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tooj liab radiators thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev sib tw tiv thaiv aluminium radiators, ntau yam kev txhim kho tau ua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kab kawm tau ntxiv rau tooj liab los txhim kho nws lub zog thiab softening point tsis poob thermal conductivity, yog li txo cov thickness ntawm cov sawb thiab txuag steel; Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsim technology, high-frequency los yog laser welding ntawm tooj liab raj yog saws, thiab steel brazing yog siv es tsis txhob ntawm cov mos soldering uas yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua txhaum mus rau assemble lub radiator core. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev siv zog no tau qhia hauv Table 6.2. Piv nrog rau cov txhuas radiators, nyob rau hauv tib lub tshav kub dissipation tej yam kev mob, uas yog, nyob rau hauv tib cov huab cua thiab coolant siab poob, tus tshiab tooj liab radiator yog sib dua thiab loj me me; Ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo corrosion thiab kev pab lub neej ntev ntawm cov hlau, qhov zoo ntawm tooj liab radiators yog pom tseeb dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, txhawb nqa thiab txhim kho lub tsheb hluav taws xob, thiab cov hlau siv hauv txhua lub tsheb yuav nce exponentially.
Kev tsheb ciav hlau
Kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum muaj ntau ntawm cov tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys. Ntau tshaj 2 tons ntawm cov xov tooj tshwj xeeb zoo li tus xov tooj yog xav tau rau txhua mais ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws lub zog, me me ntawm tooj liab (li 1%) lossis nyiaj (li ntawm%) feem ntau yog ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov motors, rectifiers, thiab tswj, braking, hluav taws xob thiab teeb liab tshuab ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau tag nrho cia siab rau tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys ua haujlwm.
Lub dav hlau
Lub dav hlau navigation kuj yog inseparable ntawm tooj liab. Piv txwv li: cov xaim, hydraulic, cua txias thiab pneumatic systems nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tooj liab, cov bearings retainers thiab landing gear bearings siv txhuas bronze kav, navigation instruments siv anti-magnetic steel alloys, thiab ntau yam twj paj nruag siv tawg tooj liab elastic ntsiab.
Lub teeb kev lag luam
Cov khoom lag luam teeb pom kev zoo muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg lub neej, nrog ntau yam ntawm ntau yam. Vim tooj liab muaj cov khoom zoo, nws tuaj yeem pom txhua qhov chaw. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv xwb:
Cua txias thiab tub yees
Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub tshuab cua txias thiab lub tub yees yog ua tiav los ntawm evaporation thiab condensation ntawm tooj liab hlab ntawm lub tshav kub exchanger. Qhov luaj li cas thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua sov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob feem ntau txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab cua txias thiab lub tub yees. Tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus tooj liab raj nrog siab thermal conductivity yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cav tov. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hlau, cov kav dej kub nrog cov grooves thiab cov fins siab tau tsim thiab tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuab cua txias, tub yees, tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg. Tag nrho cov tshav kub hloov coefficient ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tuaj yeem nce mus rau 2 mus rau 3 npaug ntawm cov raj zoo tib yam thiab 1.2 txog 1.3 npaug ntawm cov raj qis qis. Nws tau raug siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb, txuag 40% ntawm tooj liab thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm lub tshav kub exchanger ntau tshaj 1/3.
Lub moos
Feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub moos, timers thiab cov khoom siv nrog lub moos mechanism yog ua los ntawm "clock brass". Cov hlau muaj 1.5-2% txhuas, muaj cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj. Piv txwv li, cov iav raug txiav los ntawm cov hlau ntev ntev extruded, lub log tiaj tus yog xuas nrig los ntawm cov tuab tuab, thiab tooj dag lossis lwm yam tooj liab alloys yog siv los ua engraved moos saum npoo, screws thiab pob qij txha, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau lub khw muag khoom pheej yig. ntawm gunmetal (tin-zinc bronze) los yog plated nrog npib tsib xee nyiaj (dawb tooj liab). Qee lub moos nto moo yog ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab tooj liab alloys. Lub sij hawm tes ntawm British "Big Ben" yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv phom phom, thiab cov feeb tes yog ua los ntawm 14-foot-ntev tooj liab raj.
Lub tuam txhab saib niaj hnub no, siv tooj liab alloy ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, nias thiab pwm meej, tuaj yeem tsim 10,000 txog 30,000 saib ib hnub ntawm tus nqi qis heev.
Papermaking
Nyob rau niaj hnub no cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv mus ib txhis, kev siv ntawv yog loj heev. Daim ntawv zoo nkaus li yooj yim rau ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis cov txheej txheem papermaking yog qhov nyuaj heev, yuav tsum muaj ntau cov kauj ruam thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm ntau lub tshuab, nrog rau cov cua txias, evaporators, beaters, paper machines, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom, xws li ntau yam kev sib hloov cua sov raj, rollers. , beaters, semi-kua twj thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm steel alloys.
Piv txwv li, lub tshuab ua daim ntawv ntev ntev tau siv tshuaj tsuag cov ntaub ntawv npaj mus rau qhov nrawm nrawm nrog cov mesh zoo (40-60 mesh). Lub mesh yog woven los ntawm tooj dag thiab phosphor bronze hlau. Nws yog qhov dav heev, feem ntau ntau dua 20 ko taw (6 meters), thiab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ncaj nraim. Lub mesh txav mus los ntawm ib tug me me tooj dag los yog tooj liab rollers, thiab raws li nws dhau los ntawm lub pulp sprayed rau nws, noo noo yog absorbed los ntawm huab cua hauv qab no. Lub mesh kuj vibrates los khi cov me me fibers hauv cov pulp ua ke. Lub mesh loj ntawm cov tshuab ntawv loj yog loj heev, mus txog 26 feet 8 nti (8.1 meters) dav thiab 100 feet (30.5 meters) ntev. Cov ntaub ntub dej tsis yog tsuas yog muaj dej xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov tshuaj siv hauv cov txheej txheem papermaking, uas yog corrosive heev. Txhawm rau kom paub meej cov ntawv zoo, cov khoom siv mesh yog qhov xav tau heev. Nws yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muaj zog thiab elasticity; tab sis kuj yuav tiv taus pulp corrosion. Copper alloys muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov no.
Kev luam ntawv
Hauv kev luam ntawv, tooj liab phaj yog siv rau photolithography. Lub polished tooj liab phaj yog rhiab heev nrog photosensitive emulsion, thiab ces yees duab rau nws. Lub phaj tooj liab sensitized yuav tsum tau rhuab kom tawv cov kua nplaum. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv softening vim cua sov, tooj liab feem ntau muaj me me ntawm cov nyiaj los yog arsenic los ua kom cov softening kub. Tom qab ntawd, lub phaj yog etched los ua ib qho chaw luam ntawv nrog cov qauv ntawm concave thiab convex dots.
Ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv tsis siv neeg, hom yog tsim los ntawm kev teeb tsa tooj dag hom blocks, uas yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tooj liab hauv kev luam ntawv. Hom blocks feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj dag, qee zaum tooj liab lossis tooj liab.
Tshuaj kho mob
Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, txhua yam ntawm steaming, boiling, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev yog ua los ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab. Zinc dawb tooj liab yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv kho mob. Copper alloys kuj tseem siv cov khoom siv rau cov iav tsom iav, thiab lwm yam.
