Kev siv cov khoom siv tooj liab
Copper compounds feem ntau suav nrog: tooj liab sulfate (pentahydrate, monohydrate thiab anhydrous), tooj liab acetate, tooj liab oxide thiab cuprous oxide, tooj liab chloride thiab cuprous chloride, tooj liab oxychloride, tooj liab nitrate, tooj liab cyanide, fatty acid tooj liab, tooj liab cyclohexane acid, thiab lwm yam. uas tau siv dav hauv ntau yam xws li kev ua liaj ua teb, tsiaj txhu, kev lag luam thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Ntawm lawv, tooj liab sulfate yog siv dav tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog tooj liab sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), uas feem ntau hu ua xiav vitriol vim nws cov xim xiav. Nws feem ntau kuj yog cov khoom siv raw los ua ntau lwm cov ntsev.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg siv cov hlau sib txuas tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau ntau dua 5, 000 xyoo dhau los. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov ntxa uas cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau siv tooj liab sulfate ua mordant (xim tuav xim) rau dyeing, thiab nws tau siv los txog niaj hnub no. Raws li kev txheeb cais, muaj ntau dua 100 lub chaw tsim khoom tsim tooj liab sulfate nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, thiab txhua xyoo kev siv thoob ntiaj teb yog kwv yees li 200,000 tons. Nws kwv yees tias 3/4 ntawm nws yog siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj txhu, feem ntau yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
※ Daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj txhu
Copper compounds yog cov tshuaj fungicides zoo rau kev tshem tawm cov kab tsuag thiab kab mob, thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau txhua yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm pwm lossis fungi. Ntxiv rau qhov ncaj qha siv tooj liab sulfate los ntub cov noob, qee qhov tooj liab ntsev sib tov yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv orchards thiab farmlands. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Bordeaux sib tov (txiv qaub tooj liab sulfate tov) thiab Burgundy tov (soda tooj liab sulfate tov), muaj npe tom qab lub npe nrov Fabkis txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim thaj chaw, nrog rau Paris Green thiab Fungisant.
Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, tooj liab fungicides tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab tswj ntau dua 300 kab mob uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv ntau dua 100 cov qoob loo. Cov qoob loo no muaj xws li:
- ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, citrus, txiv tsawb, txiv apples, pears, txiv duaj, thiab lwm yam.;
- nyiaj ntsuab qoob loo xws li kas fes, roj hmab, paj rwb, thiab beets;
- cereals xws li nplej, mov, pob kws, barley, thiab oats;
- taum, txiv lws suav, qos yaj ywm, thiab lettuce, thiab lwm yam.
Tooj liab yog ib qho micronutrient tsim nyog los tswj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov qoob loo thiab tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib. Feem ntau, thaum cov ntsiab lus tooj liab zoo hauv cov av ua liaj ua teb qis dua 2 ppmm (1 ppmm yog ib feem pua), cov qoob loo yuav txo qis vim qhov tsis muaj tooj liab, thiab thaum mob hnyav, txawm tias tsis muaj nplej yuav raug sau, lossis thaum cov ntsiab lus tooj liab zoo nyob rau hauv pasture. av qis dua 5ppmm, cov tsiaj txhu yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tooj liab. Tam sim no, vim muaj kev ua haujlwm siab heev, ntau cov tshuaj chiv tau siv tsis muaj tooj liab lossis muaj tooj liab tsawg, ua rau thaj av barrenness, ua rau tooj liab tsis muaj teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb. Txhawm rau kho thiab tiv thaiv qhov tsis txaus tooj liab, tooj liab ntsev yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau lub sijhawm. Nws tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ncaj qha lossis ntxiv ua ke nrog cov chiv nplua nuj nyob hauv nitrogen thiab phosphorus; Nws tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho cov av rau lub sijhawm ntev, lossis txau rau cov qoob loo qoob loo txhua xyoo. Rau cov tsiaj nyeg thiab nqaij qaib, ntxiv rau kev txhim kho pastures, tooj liab ntsev tuaj yeem ntxiv rau kev pub lossis lwm txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj cov tsos mob tsis txaus tooj liab. Sodium sulfate kuj yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob rau npua thiab qaib, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lawv qab los noj mov thiab txhawb kev hloov pauv zaub mov. Kev sib xyaw 0.1% tooj liab sulfate hauv pub tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov hnyav nce ntawm npua thiab broilers.
Cov tooj liab ions muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm qee yam tsiaj txhu. Piv txwv li: ib qho me me ntawm tooj liab hauv dej (tsawg dua 1 ppm) tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov mollusks xws li qwj, qwj thiab qwj uas yug hauv dej. Cov mollusks no yog cov tswv ntawm schistosomiasis, yog li tiv thaiv kab mob siab schistosomiasis uas yooj yim tshwm sim hauv cov tsiaj qus thiab kub. tooj liab sulfate kuj siv tau los tua cov cwj mem, tiv thaiv nyuj thiab yaj los ntawm ko taw rot, thiab kis swine erysipelas thiab bovine dysentery.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntxhov siab ntsuab algae muaj kuab paug hauv cov pas dej, cov liaj teb, cov kwj dej thiab cov dej ntws thiab cov pas dej tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsev tooj liab. Cov ntsev tooj liab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv cov ntawv ntim rau hauv tooj liab ntsev rau ntim.
※ Daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam
Copper compounds tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam, thiab yuav luag txhua qhov kev lag luam siv nws ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv.
Copper sulfate yog ib qho tshuaj pleev xim rau hauv kev luam ntawv thiab dyeing txheej txheem los txhim kho lub durability thiab washability ntawm gloss, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv textile thiab tawv industries.
Copper tebchaw muaj xiav, ntsuab, liab, dub thiab lwm yam xim, thiab yuav siv tau raws li colorants rau iav, ceramics, cement, thiab enamel. Lawv kuj yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qee cov plaub hau dyes. Ntxiv tooj liab nitrate rau foob pob hluav taws emits ntsuab teeb, thiab lwm yam.
Cov xim uas muaj tooj liab muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv marine biological fouling.
Qee cov organic tebchaw ntawm tooj liab yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, siv rau kev khaws cov ntaub xws li pulp, ntoo, khoom ntoo thiab canvas.
Qee cov khoom siv tooj liab yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov roj hmab, roj av thiab cov khoom siv dag zog, ua si lub luag haujlwm catalytic thiab purifying.
Copper sulfate electrolyte yog siv rau tooj liab plating, zus tau tej cov electrolytic tooj liab ntawv ci thiab tooj liab purification.
Hauv kev lag luam mining, tooj liab sulfate yog siv los ua tus activator rau ntab cov zaub mov xws li txhuas, zinc, txhuas thiab kub.
※ Daim ntawv thov hauv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv
tooj liab yog ib qho tseem ceeb micronutrient rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv, thiab muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav, lub hauv paus paj hlwb thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog, plaub hau, tawv nqaij thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau lub paj hlwb thiab lub siab, lub plawv thiab lwm yam hauv nruab nrog cev. Tooj liab feem ntau yog noj los ntawm kev noj haus txhua hnub. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization) pom zoo tias txhawm rau tswj kev noj qab haus huv, cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau noj 0.03 mg ntawm tooj liab ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav ib hnub. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov me nyuam mos yuav tsum muab ob npaug rau nws. Tsis muaj tooj liab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob, uas tuaj yeem ntxiv los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj tooj liab thiab tshuaj.
Tooj liab ions tuaj yeem tua kab mob, ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab tiv thaiv kev huv. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob xws li E. coli thiab kab mob plab uas yooj yim yug hauv dej, tshem cov slugs thiab qwj uas kis tus kab mob schistosomiasis hauv dej, thiab yoov tshaj cum uas kis tus kab mob malaria. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov pas dej da dej kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug ntsuab algae thiab kev sib kis ntawm tinea pedis hauv pem teb.
Copper compounds tuaj yeem kho qee yam kab mob. Sulfate tau siv ntev los kho mob ntsws thiab mob hlwb hauv qee lub tebchaws Western; Nws yog siv los kho cov kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv qee lub tebchaws African thiab Asian. Cov tshuaj uas muaj tooj liab yog tam sim no tsim.
