Kev paub txog tooj liab
1. Tej yam ntuj tso
Tooj liab yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau qub tshaj plaws uas tib neeg pom. Tib neeg tau pib siv tooj liab ntau dua 3,000 xyoo dhau los.
Hlau tooj liab, lub cim cim Cu, atomic hnyav 63.54, tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus 8.92, melting point 1083oC. Ntshiab tooj liab yog lub teeb sawv los yog lub teeb liab, thiab tom qab ib tug tooj liab oxide zaj duab xis yog tsim rau saum npoo, qhov tsos yog tooj liab. Copper muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, xws li thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, muaj zog tshuaj stability, siab tensile zog, yooj yim vuam, corrosion kuj, plasticity, thiab ductility. Cov tooj liab ntshiab tuaj yeem kos rau hauv cov hlau zoo heev thiab ua rau hauv cov ntawv ci tooj liab heev. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov alloys nrog cov hlau xws li zinc, tin, lead, manganese, cobalt, npib tsib xee, aluminium, thiab hlau.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tooj liab smelting tshuab tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntev, tab sis tooj liab smelting tseem yog feem ntau raws li pyrometallurgy, thiab nws cov zis tso nyiaj txog li 85% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov zis tooj liab. 1) Hluav taws kub smelting feem ntau yog thawj zaug nce cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm cov ore raw nrog ob peb feem pua lossis txhiab tus tooj liab mus rau 20-30% los ntawm kev tau txais txiaj ntsig, thiab tom qab ntawd siv nws li tooj liab mloog kom ua matte thiab smelt hauv lub qhov cub kaw qhov cub , reverberatory rauv, hluav taws xob rauv los yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub resulting molten matte (matte) yog ces xa mus rau ib tug converter rau tshuab mus rau hauv crude tooj liab, thiab ces oxidized thiab refined nyob rau hauv lwm reverberatory rauv kom tshem tawm impurities, los yog cam khwb cia rau hauv anode daim hlau rau electrolysis kom tau electrolytic tooj liab nrog rau qib mus txog 99.9. %. Cov txheej txheem no luv luv thiab hloov tau, thiab tus nqi rov qab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 95%. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias cov sulfur nyob rau hauv cov ore raug tso tawm raws li sulfur dioxide pov tseg roj nyob rau hauv ob theem ntawm matte ua thiab tshuab, nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim mus rov qab tau thiab muaj feem xyuam rau cov pa phem. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, pyrometallurgy tau maj mam txhim kho mus tas li thiab automated txoj kev loj hlob, xws li cov nyiaj, txoj kev Noranda, thiab lwm yam molten pas dej ua ke smelting, raws li zoo raws li Nyiv txoj kev Mitsubishi. 2) Niaj hnub nimno ntub dej smelting suav nrog sulfuric acid roasting-leaching-electrodeposition, leaching-extraction-electrodeposition, kab mob leaching thiab lwm txoj kev, uas yog tsim rau heap leaching, tank leaching los yog nyob rau hauv-situ leaching ntawm tsawg-qib complex ores, oxidized tooj liab ores , thiab tooj liab-muaj pov tseg ore.
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab tooj liab
①. Classification los ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm
Native tooj liab------Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab yog ntau dua 99%, tab sis cov peev txheej tsawg heev;
Oxidized tooj liab ore -----Tsis muaj ntau
Sulfide tooj liab ore-----Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab tsawg heev, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 2-3%. Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tooj liab yog refined los ntawm sulfide tooj liab ore.
②. Kev faib tawm los ntawm kev tsim khoom
Copper concentrate----Ore nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab siab xaiv ua ntej smelting.
Blister tooj liab------Cov khoom tom qab smelting ntawm tooj liab mloog zoo, nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm 95-98%.
Ntshiab tooj liab------Tooj liab nrog cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 99% tom qab tua hluav taws los yog electrolysis. Kev kho hluav taws kub tuaj yeem tau txais 99-99.9% tooj liab ntshiab, thiab electrolysis tuaj yeem ua kom purity ntawm tooj liab mus txog 99%.95-99.99%.
③. Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb alloy
Brass{0}}Copper-zinc alloy
Bronze-----Copper-tin alloy, thiab lwm yam. (Tshwj tsis yog zinc thiab npib tsib xee, alloys nrog lwm cov khoom hu ua tooj liab)
Dawb tooj liab-----Copper-cobalt-nickel alloy
④. Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv: cov kav dej tooj liab, tooj liab rods, tooj liab hlau, tooj liab daim hlau, tooj liab strips, tooj liab strips, tooj liab foils, thiab lwm yam.
3. Kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab
Tooj liab yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau uas muaj feem xyuam nrog tib neeg. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob, lub teeb kev lag luam, machinery manufacturing, kev tsim kho kev lag luam, lub teb chaws tiv thaiv kev lag luam thiab lwm yam teb. Nws tsuas yog thib ob rau txhuas hauv kev noj cov khoom siv hlau tsis yog hlau hauv kuv lub tebchaws.
Tooj liab yog siv dav thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, suav nrog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv.
