Kev faib tawm thiab cov khoom ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys
Tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam loj ntawm cov hlau. Lawv muaj ntau yam khoom, nrog rau cov hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab thermal conductivity, zoo heev corrosion kuj, zoo zog thiab qaug zog tiv thaiv, thiab tsos. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim machined, brazed thiab welded.
Kev xaiv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys
Lub ntsiab kev xaiv rau tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys muaj xws li:
Hluav taws xob conductivity: tooj liab yog feem ntau conductive ntawm engineering hlau. Cov nyiaj los yog lwm yam khoom tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los ua kom muaj zog, tiv thaiv softening, lossis lwm yam khoom yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj.
Thermal conductivity: Cov cuab yeej no zoo ib yam li hluav taws xob conductivity. Copper alloys muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov cuab yeej no, qhov zoo corrosion kuj them rau qhov nce conductivity poob ntawm alloying.
Xim thiab tsos: Ntau cov tooj liab alloys muaj xim tshwj xeeb uas yuav hloov raws li cov khoom huab cua. Rau feem ntau cov alloys, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los npaj thiab tswj qhov chaw mus rau tus qauv siab txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo corrosion. Ntau cov alloys yog siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho kom zoo nkauj, xws li nyob rau hauv lawv hom ntawv los yog tom qab hlau plating. Cov alloys no tuaj hauv cov xim tshwj xeeb, xws li liab salmon liab rau tooj liab, los ntawm yellows, kub thiab ntsuab, mus rau tob bronze nyob rau hauv weathered tej yam kev mob. Kev cuam tshuam rau cov huab cua ua rau muaj xim ntsuab lossis tooj liab tiav, thiab cov khoom ua ntej muaj nyob rau ntawm qee cov khoom siv.
Yooj yim ntawm fabrication: Feem ntau cov alloys tau yooj yim cam khwb cia, kub los yog txias tsim, machined, koom, thiab lwm yam. Cov alloys feem ntau yog tus qauv tiv thaiv lwm yam hlau piv.
Alloy Properties
Ntau cov alloys yog cov tshuaj muaj zog ntxiv tab sis yog raws li cov qauv siv lead ua tooj liab thiab muaj ductility zoo. Cov alloys feem ntau tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntxiv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias, yog li ua kom lub zog tensile thiab qaug zog thaum tuav cov khoom siv tau zoo. Qee cov alloys tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntxiv thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem muaj hnub nyoog hardened mus rau qib siab heev.
ntau hom hlau alloys
Tooj liab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam ntshiab tooj liab, uas feem ntau yog mos thiab ductile, nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus impurity txog li ntawm 0.7%. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv rau lawv cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, corrosion kuj, tsos thiab xim, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua. Lawv muaj lub siab tshaj plaws hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm tej engineering hlau thiab yog heev ductile, yooj yim rau braze, thiab feem ntau welding. Cov ntawv thov muaj xws li hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tsheb npav, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov ru tsev, phab ntsa cladding, cov kav dej, cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv.
High tooj liab alloys muaj me me ntawm ntau yam alloying ntsiab xws li beryllium, chromium, zirconium, tin, nyiaj, sulfur los yog hlau. Cov ntsiab lus no hloov ib lossis ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab, xws li lub zog, creep resistance, workability, los yog solderability. Cov kev siv feem ntau zoo ib yam li cov uas tau muab los saum toj no rau tooj liab, tab sis cov kev siv ntawm kev siv yog qhov hnyav dua.
Brass yog tooj liab-zinc alloy uas muaj txog li 45% zinc, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau lead me me los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab tin rau lub zog. Tooj-zinc alloys yog ib-theem thiab muaj txog li 37% zinc nyob rau hauv forged tej yam kev mob. Ib-theem alloys muaj ductility zoo heev thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub txias-ua hauj lwm mob kom zoo zog. Alloys uas muaj ntau tshaj li ntawm 37% zinc yog duplex alloys thiab muaj zog ntau dua li ib-theem alloys tab sis txwv ductility ntawm chav tsev kub. Duplex tooj dag feem ntau yog cam khwb cia lossis cua sov tiav. Kev siv cov tooj dag yog kev tsim kho, kos thiab tig cov thawv thiab cov khoom siv, cov tub ntxhais hluav taws xob thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov ntsaws thiab lub teeb fittings, cov xauv, qhov rooj tuav, cov npe, cov kav dej 'kho vajtse, fasteners, cartridges, cylinders rau cov twj tso kua mis.
Bronze yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab tin, ntxiv rau tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm phosphorus, aluminium, silicon, manganese thiab npib tsib xee. Cov alloys no tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog siab thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv springs thiab fixtures, hlau sib sau tuag, bearings, bushings, terminals, hu thiab connectors, kev tsim kho accessories thiab nta. Kev siv cam khwb cia tooj liab rau cov pej thuam yog paub zoo.
Cupro-nickel yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee, muaj cov hlau me me thiab qee zaum me me ntawm lwm cov hlau xws li chromium lossis tin. Cov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev hauv dej thiab yog siv dav hauv kev siv dej hiav txwv xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov twj thiab cov kav dej, thiab lub nkoj hull sheathing.
Cov nyiaj npib tsib xee muaj 55 - 65% tooj liab alloyed nrog npib tsib xee thiab zinc, thiab cov txhuas yog qee zaum ntxiv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Cov alloys muaj npe rau lawv cov tsos, uas zoo ib yam li cov nyiaj sterling, txawm tias lawv tsis muaj nyiaj. Lawv yog siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov ntawv teev npe thiab ua cov hauv paus rau cov phiaj nyiaj (EPNS), xws li springs, fasteners, npib, yuam sij thiab lub koob yees duab qhov chaw.
