Kev faib tawm ntawm tooj liab alloys thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloy
Copper alloy yog hais txog cov hlau uas tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv ib lossis ob peb lwm yam rau cov tooj liab ntshiab. Kev faib tawm ntawm tooj liab alloys yog yooj yim to taub. Muaj ntau ntau xim ntawm tooj liab alloys. Tsis yog tooj liab hom tooj liab alloys muaj xim sib txawv. Copper alloys mas muaj ntshav, daj, cyan thiab lwm yam xim.
1. Kev faib tawm
Copper alloy classification: los ntawm xim
1. Brass: yog hais txog cov hlau alloy raws li tooj liab thiab zinc, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua tooj dag yooj yim thiab tooj dag. Qhov thib peb ntawm cov tooj dag complex yog hu ua npib tsib xee tooj dag, silicon tooj dag, thiab lwm yam .;
2. Bronze: hais txog tooj liab-raws li alloys uas tsis yog tooj liab-nickel thiab tooj liab-zinc alloys. Lub ntsiab ntau yam yog tin bronze, txhuas bronze, thiab tshwj xeeb bronze (tseem hu ua high tooj liab alloy);
3. Dawb tooj liab: hais txog tooj liab-nickel alloy;
4. Liab tooj liab: hais txog tooj liab ntshiab. Lub ntsiab ntau yam xws li tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen, tooj liab liab, phosphorus deoxidized tooj liab, thiab nyiaj tooj liab.
Copper alloy classification: faib los ntawm alloy system
1. Tsis yog-alloy tooj liab: Tsis-alloy tooj liab muaj xws li high-purity tooj liab, tawv tooj liab, deoxidized tooj liab, oxygen-dawb tooj liab, thiab lwm yam. Kev lig kev cai, tib neeg hu ua non-alloy tooj liab liab tooj liab los yog ntshiab tooj liab, kuj hu ua liab tooj liab.
2. Lwm cov tooj liab alloys yog cov hlau alloy. kuv lub teb chaws thiab Russia faib cov tooj liab alloys rau hauv tooj dag, tooj liab thiab dawb tooj liab, thiab tom qab ntawd faib cov hlau me me rau hauv cov khoom loj.
Copper alloy classification: faib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm
1. Copper alloys rau hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity: feem ntau tsis yog-alloyed tooj liab thiab micro-alloyed tooj liab.
2. Cov qauv tooj liab alloys: suav nrog yuav luag tag nrho cov tooj liab alloys.
3. Corrosion-resistant tooj liab alloys: feem ntau muaj xws li tooj dag, txhuas tooj dag, ntau yam tsis-dawb tooj liab, txhuas bronze, titanium xiav, thiab lwm yam.
4. Hnav-resistant tooj liab alloys: feem ntau muaj xws li complex tooj dag, txhuas bronze, thiab lwm yam. uas muaj txhuas, tin, txhuas, manganese thiab lwm yam khoom.
5. Yooj yim-txiav tooj liab alloys: tooj liab-lead, tooj liab-tellurium, tooj liab-antimony thiab lwm yam alloys.
6. Elastic tooj liab alloy: feem ntau yog antimony bronze, txhuas bronze, beryllium bronze, titanium bronze, thiab lwm yam.
7. Damping tooj liab alloy: siab manganese tooj liab alloy, thiab lwm yam.
8. Artic tooj liab alloy: ntshiab tooj liab, tooj dag, tin bronze, txhuas bronze, dawb tooj liab, thiab lwm yam.
Copper alloy classification: muab faib los ntawm cov khoom tsim qauv
1. Casting tooj liab alloy: Casting kuj siv tau rau deformation ua.
2. Deformed tooj liab alloy: Deformed tooj liab alloy yuav siv tau rau casting.
3. Casting tooj liab alloys thiab deformed tooj liab alloys yuav subdivided rau hauv casting tooj liab, tooj dag, bronze thiab dawb tooj liab.
2. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloy
Nws yog inevitable rau kab kawm nkag mus rau tooj liab. Vim muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, lawv yuav tsis yaj nyob rau hauv tooj liab, muaj ib tug kab ntawm cov khoom tov, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov kua, los yog infinite kev sib nrig sib solubility. Cov khoom solubility txo qis heev raws li qhov kub thiab txias, thiab muaj cov theem nyuaj hloov nyob rau hauv cov khoom theem. thiab lwm yam, yog li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tooj liab cov khoom sib txawv.
3. Cov ntsiab lus alloy
Qhov cuam tshuam rau conductivity ntawm tooj liab alloys
1. Hydrogen
Hydrogen thiab tooj liab tsis tsim hydrides. Lub solubility ntawm hydrogen nyob rau hauv cov kua thiab cov khoom tooj liab nce thaum kub nce, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kua tooj liab, uas muaj ib tug loj solubility. Thaum tooj liab solidifies, hydrogen tsim pores hauv tooj liab, ua rau cov khoom tooj liab ua nkig. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom tooj liab, hydrogen muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev proton, thiab cov electrons ntawm hydrogen sau cov S-txheej orbitals ntawm tooj liab atoms los ua ib tug proton solid tov. Txawm hais tias cov ntshiab hydrogen tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tooj liab, hydrogen muaj teeb meem rau tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys. Oxygen-muaj tooj liab yuav tsim cov kab nrib pleb thaum annealed hauv hydrogen. Ntau lub ntsiab lus muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov solubility ntawm hydrogen hauv tooj liab. Ntawm lawv, cov ntsiab lus xws li Ni thiab Mn nce solubility, thaum cov ntsiab lus xws li P thiab Si txo cov solubility. Cov ntsiab lus hydrogen nyob rau hauv tus nqi tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev txo lub sijhawm smelting, kho qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab siv cov yaj saum npoo Charcoal npog thiab lwm txoj hauv kev los txo cov ntsiab lus hydrogen hauv tooj liab.
2. Cov pa
Oxygen yog inevitable nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tooj liab, thiab nws cov kev cuam tshuam kuj tseem ceeb heev. Tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm cov tshuaj tov hauv tooj liab, nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Cu2O. Copper oxide tsis muaj zog-soluble nyob rau hauv tooj liab thiab tsim ib tug Cu + Cu2O eutectic qauv, uas yog faib nyob rau hauv lub grain ciam teb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv eutectic yog: L uas muaj cov pa oxygen 0.39% ---- muaj cov pa oxygen 0.01% + Cu2O, hauv cov tooj liab hypoeutectic Cov pa oxygen ntawm tooj liab yog ncaj qha proportional rau tus nqi ntawm eutectic , thiab cov ntsiab lus oxygen hauv tooj liab tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tseeb los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov duab qauv hauv lub tshuab ntsuas.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm oxygen rau cov khoom ntawm tooj liab thiab alloys yog complex. Cov kab mob ntawm cov pa oxygen tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob conductivity thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm tooj liab. Muaj tooj liab muaj hluav taws xob conductivity siab. Yog vim li cas yog tias oxygen, raws li ib tug detergent, yuav tshem tawm ntau yam ntawm tooj liab. Kev puas tsuaj impurities nkag mus rau hauv slag hauv daim ntawv ntawm oxides, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom xws li arsenic, antimony, thiab bismuth. Cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm tooj liab uas muaj cov pa me me tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100% txog 103% IACS. High-purity tooj liab xws li 6N tooj liab tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv cov xwm txheej cryogenic. Tus nqi kuj tsis tshua muaj.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen ntawm tooj liab siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lub tshuab nqus tsev yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis. Yog vim li cas yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nqus tsev yuav tsum tau encapsulated hauv hydrogen. Lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen nyob rau hauv tooj liab yuav ua rau cov kab mob hydrogen thiab ua rau lub cuab yeej puas nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nqus tsev siab.
Thaum tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys smelted, deoxidation feem ntau yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. Deoxidizers muaj xws li phosphorus, boron, magnesium, thiab lwm yam, uas tau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm intermediate alloys. Phosphorus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws deoxidizer, tab sis cov seem ntawm phosphorus yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis vim tias nws tuaj yeem txo cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm tooj liab thiab alloys.
3. Antimony, bismuth, sulfur, tellurium, selenium
Cov khoom solubility ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv tooj liab yog qhov tsawg heev, thiab lawv yog qhov yooj yim insoluble hauv tooj liab ntawm chav tsev kub. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau compounds thiab muab faib nyob rau hauv lub grain ciam teb. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab, tab sis lawv ua rau lub plasticity ntawm tooj liab thiab alloys tsis zoo. Kev ua tau zoo, nws cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas nruj me ntsis, thiab cov qauv hauv tebchaws tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj {{0}}.005%; vim tooj liab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus no muaj cov cuab yeej txiav zoo, nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv engineering thiab kev voj voog, xws li chromium tooj liab, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua lub tshuab nqus tsev hloov thiab Circuit Court breaker. Cov kev sib cuag ntawm tus tes hloov mus tiv thaiv cov kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas thaum lub voj voog tawg. Cov ntsiab lus bismuth hauv bismuth tooj liab tuaj yeem siab li 0.5% mus rau 1.0%; tellurium-tooj liab alloy uas muaj 0.15% mus rau 0.5% tellurium yuav siv tau raws li ib tug heev conductive, yooj yim-rau-txiav stainless hlau Oxygen tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Raws li lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb tooj liab alloy, cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem raug ntxiv, tab sis nws cov tshuab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, thiab cov txheej txheem xws li lub tsho extrusion, txias extrusion, casting, thiab hmoov metallurgy tuaj yeem siv tau.
4. Arsenic, boron
Arsenic muaj cov khoom solubility loj hauv tooj liab, thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 6.8% mus rau 7.0%. Lub xub ntiag ntawm arsenic nyob rau hauv tooj liab muaj zog txo nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal conductivity. Nws yog feem ntau ntxiv raws li kev hloov kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tooj dag. Condenser alloys tseem muaj nqis dua. Kev siv cov raj condenser hauv thermal fais fab nroj tsuag thiab nkoj hauv 100 xyoo dhau los tau pom tias tooj dag muaj 0.1% txog 0.15% arsenic tuaj yeem tiv thaiv dezincification corrosion ntawm tooj dag thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm tooj dag condenser. cov raj. Kev xau thaum ntxov yog qhov teeb meem tuag taus, yog li ntau yam khoom siv txheej txheem qhia tias arsenic yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Kev paub qhia tau hais tias HSn-dawb arsenic 70-1 cov raj condenser feem ntau xau hauv thawj 2 txog 3 xyoos ntawm kev siv. Tom qab ntxiv arsenic, lub neej kev pab cuam Nws tuaj yeem nce mus rau 15 mus rau 20 xyoo, uas yog hu ua kev ua haujlwm loj hauv kev tshawb fawb tooj liab. Yog vim li cas vim li cas arsenic tuaj yeem tiv thaiv dezincification corrosion ntawm tooj dag yog tias ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias arsenic tuaj yeem txo cov electrode muaj peev xwm ntawm tooj liab, yog li txo qhov nyiam ntawm electrochemical corrosion. Txij li thaum arsenic oxides ua qias neeg ib puag ncig thiab muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev, cov chaw tsim khoom uas smelt alloys yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv; arsenic yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov master alloys, thiab cov ntsiab lus arsenic hauv arsenic-tooj liab master alloys tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15% mus rau 30%.
Boron muaj cov khoom solubility tsawg hauv tooj liab thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua deoxidizer. Cov boron ntxiv tuaj yeem kho cov nplej. Cov neeg tau pom tias qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ntxiv {{0}}.01% mus rau 0.04% boron rau arsenic-ntxiv tooj dag alloys muaj cov nyhuv zoo dua tiv thaiv tooj dag dezincification thiab corrosion. Boron oxide yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws npog tus neeg sawv cev hauv tooj liab alloy smelting thiab tau siv dav. Boron kuj feem ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv tooj liab los tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm vuam hlau.
5. Phosphorus
Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, cov kua dej ntawm phosphorus hauv tooj liab txo sai heev, nce mus txog {{0}}.6% ntawm 300 degree thiab 0.4 % ntawm 200 degree . Phosphorus yaj hauv tooj liab txo nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity. Lub conductivity ntawm daim ntaub mos mos uas muaj P0.014% yog 94% IACS. Cov conductivity ntawm P0.14% tsuas yog 45.2%. Phosphorus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi qis tshaj deoxidizer. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov lej tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej ntws ntawm cov yaj, txhim kho qhov kev sib txuas thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm tooj liab thiab alloys, thiab ua kom lub zog tiv thaiv softening. Yog li ntawd, phosphorus tseem yog lub ntsiab ntawm tooj liab. Thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv hauv cov alloys, phosphorus tooj liab alloys uas muaj P0.015% rau 0.04% yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov kav dej hauv tsev, tub yees thiab cua txias cov kav dej kub, thiab nkoj seawater kav; low-phosphorus tooj liab alloy daim hlau thiab strips yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau lead thav duab tooj liab strips kuj siv ntau cov khoom siv tooj liab tsawg tsawg; phosphorus tooj liab alloys nrog eutectic muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov khoom siv vuam zoo heev. High-copper alloys muaj superplasticity ntawm 580 txog 620 degree thiab tuaj yeem ua kom sov Vuam hlau extruded rau hauv 3 ~ 5mm yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau vuam tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys, steel thiab tooj liab qhov chaw.
6. Coj
Cov hmoov txhuas tsis yog cov khoom-soluble hauv tooj liab, thiab nws cov khoom solubility hauv tooj liab kuj tseem me me. Nws tsim ib tug fusible eutectic qauv nrog tooj liab. Rau tooj liab muaj 0 mus rau 38% txhuas, kua hmoov lead yog immiscible nrog kua tooj liab thiab solidifies. Cov qauv monocrystalline yog tsim; nyob rau hauv lub xeev khoom, txhuas yog faib nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub xeev nyob rau hauv tooj liab thiab yuav muab faib nyob rau hauv lub grain thiab nyob rau hauv lub grain ciam teb. Thaum cov tooj liab uas muaj cov hmoov txhuas dhau mus rau theem hloov pauv lossis recrystallization, cov hmoov txhuas ntawm cov ciam teb tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau cov ciam teb. Sab hauv. Cov txhuas tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab thiab alloys, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txhim kho lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv lead ua yog ib theem khoom, uas yog cov theem muag muag xav tau rau cov khoom siv bearing. Yog li ntawd, txhuas-muaj tooj liab thiab alloys yog cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab yooj yim-rau- txiav. Cov khoom siv bearing tau nrov dua hauv kev ua lag luam vim lawv cov nqi qis. Lead-muaj tooj dag yog dav siv. Qhov me me ntawm cov hmoov txhuas, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev faib tawm thiab qhov ua tau zoo dua. Leaded tooj liab thiab alloys yuav siv tau raws li cam khwb cia los yog xovxwm ua tiav. Lead tooj dag yog ib theem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (siab tshaj 500 degree), muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm kub zoo, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus thermal deformation loj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog theem thiab + theem ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws muaj siab deformation tsis kam thiab tsis zoo plasticity thaum txias deformation. , Kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau yuav ua rau tawg ntawm cov khoom siv hlau.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau lead hauv cov pa roj carbon monoxide tau nce ntawm 0.8% mus rau 2.5% mus rau ntau dua 5%, thiab cov hlau lead tshiab uas muaj cov tooj liab liab, tooj dag, tooj liab, thiab tooj liab dawb. tau tsim kho tas li. Tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias cov hlau lead-muaj tooj liab alloys tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv rau cov khoom siv raw thiab tuaj yeem tsim ncaj qha siv cov tooj liab rov ua dua tshiab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev lag luam tooj liab.
7. Hlau, zirconium, chromium, silicon, nyiaj, beryllium, cadmium
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xya lub ntsiab lus hlau no yog tias lawv tau txwv cov khoom solubility hauv tooj liab, thiab lawv cov khoom solubility hloov pauv nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum qhov kub pib poob tom qab alloy crystallization tiav, lawv cov khoom solubility hauv tooj liab kuj pib. Txo thiab precipitate los ntawm cov khoom theem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau tebchaw los yog elemental ntsiab. Thaum cov ntsiab lus no yog cov khoom yaj hauv tooj liab, lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv zog. Thaum lawv precipitate los ntawm cov theem khoom, dispersion muaj zog tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity tau rov qab los. Lawv yog cov laus thaum tshav kub kub kho tooj liab alloys. Los ntawm quenching (950 ~ 980 degree, quenching dej) thiab kev laus (450 ~ 550 degree, 2-4h), muaj zog thiab hluav taws xob conductivity siab. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nyiaj tsis zoo txo cov hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kub thiab txias, deformation tsis kam thiab hnav tsis kam. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog commutators thiab, tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm kev sib cuag nyob ntawm tej rau high-ceev tsheb ciav hlau. . Copper muaj cov cuab yeej tsis tsim cov nplaim taws thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab yog cov khoom siv dav hlau tseem ceeb. Vim tias cadmium yog tshuaj lom thiab ua paug rau ib puag ncig, nws siv yog shrinking. Beryllium tooj liab yog cov khoom siv elastic tshaj plaws. Beryllium ntxiv dag zog rau tooj liab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub zog ntawm beryllium tooj liab tom qab kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem ncav cuag 4 mus rau 5 npaug ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab.
Hlau tuaj yeem kho cov nplej thiab txhim kho cov khoom ntawm tooj liab thiab alloys. Hauv ib puag ncig uas xav tau cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov ntsiab lus hlau yuav tsum tau tswj nruj, feem ntau hauv qab 0.003%.
Zirconium thiab chromium-tooj liab alloys muaj hluav taws xob conductivity, lub zog, thiab zoo softening kuj. Lawv yog cov zoo tshaj plaws electrode alloys thiab muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv aerospace xyaw.
Silicon bronze muaj lub zog siab thiab hnav tsis kam. Hlau, zirconium thiab chromium bronze yog qhov tseeb high-strength thiab high-conductivity tooj liab alloys thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv electrode manufacturing.
Hlau, silicon, zirconium, thiab chromium-tooj liab alloys tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm tooj liab alloys rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau lead thav duab, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm lawv cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom muaj zog heev.
8. Zinc, tin, aluminium, npib tsib xee
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm plaub lub ntsiab lus no yog tias lawv muaj cov khoom loj solubility hauv tooj liab, uas yog 39.9%, 15.8% thiab 9.4% feem. Nickel yog infinitely soluble nyob rau hauv ib leeg. Lawv tsim ib qho kev daws teeb meem txuas ntxiv nrog tooj liab thiab muaj thaj chaw dav ib theem. Lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv dag zog thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm tooj liab, tab sis lawv kuj txo cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab. Piv nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, tseem yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal conductive. Lawv tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog tooj liab, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua tooj dag, tooj liab, thiab dawb tooj liab alloys, tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov hlau loj loj. Cov alloys no muaj cov khoom zoo heev. Piv txwv li, tooj dag muaj lub zog siab, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, siab thermal conductivity, thiab tus nqi qis; bronze muaj zog, hnav tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj; tooj liab dawb muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev rau cov dej tsis zoo thiab seawater corrosion. Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig no yog lwm qhov zoo. Cov khoom siv hlau tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau.
9. Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yuav luag insoluble hauv tooj liab, tab sis ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, txawm tias ntxiv ib leeg lossis hauv ib daim ntawv sib xyaw, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm tooj liab thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm tooj liab. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsiab lus siab-melting-point nrog impurities xws li txhuas thiab bismuth hauv tooj liab. Cov khoom me me uas sib npaug sib npaug hauv cov nplej, ua kom zoo dua cov nplej thiab txhim kho qhov kub-kub plasticity ntawm cov hlau. Ntxiv 0. thaum ntxiv tsawg dua 0.1% Y, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm tooj liab tau txhim kho; cov khoom siv ntawm tooj liab alloys muaj 0.01% ~ 0.15% La Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab softening kuj kub yog zoo dua li cov Cu-0.15Ag alloy, thiab nws tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam.
10. Refractory hlau thiab lwm yam hlau
Cov ntsiab lus xws li tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, uranium, thiab plutonium yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem soluble hauv tooj liab, thaum titanium, zirconium, chromium, cobalt thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus yog soluble hauv tooj liab me me, tab sis lawv txhua tus refine tooj liab nplej kom sib txawv. thiab ua kom nws qhov kub thiab txias recrystallization. , neutralizing cov teeb meem cuam tshuam ntawm qee qhov fusible impurities, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev txhim kho high-temperature plasticity.
Copper alloys uas muaj me me ntawm zirconium (Cl5000, C15100, C18100), cobalt (C17110, C17500), thiab chromium (C18400, C18200, C18500) tau siv hauv kev lag luam thiab tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo.
