Ntshiab tooj liab tseem hu ua tooj liab, tooj liab alloy muab faib ua tooj dag, tooj liab, tooj liab dawb.
Brass yog muab faib ua tooj dag zoo tib yam (binary tooj dag), tooj dag tshwj xeeb (ntau tooj dag);
Bronze muab faib ua tin bronze, txhuas bronze, beryllium bronze, silicon bronze, txhuas bronze;
Dawb tooj liab muab faib ua tooj liab dawb thiab tshwj xeeb dawb tooj liab.
3. Ntshiab tooj liab. Kuj hu ua liab tooj liab, purity yog ntau dua 99%, muab faib ua cov tooj liab zoo tib yam, deoxidized tooj liab, tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen thiab tooj liab tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, thermal conductivity, tsis muaj hlau nplaum, yas. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo hauv huab cua thiab dej tshiab, tab sis tsis zoo hauv dej hiav txwv.
3.1 Kev faib tawm.
Ordinary ntshiab tooj liab: cov ntsiab lus oxygen siab, tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov hauv qhov nruab nrab, kom tsis txhob hydrogen embrittlement, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal.
Deoxidized tooj liab: Residual deoxidizer cov ntsiab lus (P, Mn), txo cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm tooj liab, yuav tsum tsuas yog siv los ua cov khoom siv.
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab: Oxygen thiab impurity cov ntsiab lus yog tsawg heev, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev twj.
Cov tooj liab tshwj xeeb: muaj cov kab sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, xws li muaj AS, Ag, Te thiab dispersion tooj liab, feem ntau yog siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
3.2 Cov cuab yeej.
3.2.1 Cov ntsiab lus impurity yuav txo cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab.
3.2.2 Pb thiab Bi yuav ua rau kom cov thermal brittleness, uas yog ib qho yooj yim rau tawg thaum lub sij hawm kub ua, thiab ntxiv Ca, Ce thiab Zr los ua refractory compounds yuav tshem tawm cov nyhuv; S, O yuav ua kom txias brittleness, yooj yim tawg thaum lub sij hawm txias ua, O hauv 0.02-0.1%, S hauv 0.005-0.01%.
3.2.3 Cov kab mob Hydrogen (ua los ntawm oxygen).
3.2.4 Lub luag haujlwm ntawm oxygen: ua rau hydrogen embrittlement thiab txias embrittlement.
3.3 Brand. Sawv cev los ntawm T (Tong), No. 1-4 tooj liab, T1, T2, T3, T4, qhov nce ntawm tus lej qhia txog kev poob ntawm purity. Tooj liab nrog cov ntsiab lus oxygen tsawg dua 0.01% yog hu ua oxygen-dawb tooj liab thiab yog qhia los ntawm TU1 thiab TU2.
4. tooj dag. Nws tau muab faib ua tooj dag zoo tib yam (binary tooj dag) thiab tooj dag tshwj xeeb (ntau cov khoom siv tooj dag).
Common tooj dag: Cu-Zn binary alloy.
Code H + Cu%, xws li H68 qhia txog tooj liab-zinc alloy uas muaj Cu68%.
Nta, zoo corrosion kuj, siab dua cov ntsiab lus zinc, pheej yig dua, mus txog 46%; Cov ntsiab lus zinc ntau dua, feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion rupture, ntxiv Si thiab Raws li tuaj yeem txo cov kev ntxhov siab corrosion rupture.
Rau theem.
Hom tooj dag thiab siv: 73 tooj dag, H70, tsim plhaub tooj dag, tseem hu ua plhaub tooj dag; Nees nkaum-ib tooj dag, muaj li ntawm 65% tooj liab, tuaj yeem ua los ntawm tooj liab pas nrig, tooj liab hlau, tooj liab ntawv, tooj liab yeeb nkab, ntoo screws, springs, thiab lwm yam 64 tooj dag, muaj li ntawm 60% tooj liab, tsim cov kav dej kub, tooj liab, tooj liab hlau, tooj liab rods thiab lwm yam.
5. Tooj. Muab faib ua tin bronze, aluminium bronze, beryllium bronze, phosphorus bronze, silicon bronze thiab hais txog.
5.1 brand ua. Q + kos npe thiab pawg loj ntawm lub ntsiab ntxiv rau lub ntsiab + qhov loj feem ntawm lwm yam. Piv txwv li, QSn4-3 qhia tias tin bronze muaj 4% tin thiab 3% zinc.
5.2 Tin tooj liab. Tin ntsiab lus 3 ~ 14%, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus tin, qhov ntau dua lub zog ntawm alloy hardness. Tus nqi ntawm tin yog siab dua.
Casting kev ua tau zoo: me me ntim shrinkage.
Mechanical zog: Tin<6%, suitable for cold deformation, tin 6~7% suitable for hot processing; Tin 10~14% suitable for casting alloys.
Corrosion kuj: zoo dua tooj liab, tooj dag.
Multi-component tin bronze: Ntxiv Zn, P, Pb, Ni, thiab lwm yam. P tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev txwv elastic thiab qaug zog, haum rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav; Zn txhim khu kev nruam fluidity thiab compactness; Pb txhim kho machinability thiab hnav tsis kam; Zr, B, V, Ti lis refinement;
Feem ntau siv tin bronze: QSn4-3, QSn6.5-0.4, ZCuSn10Pb1, thiab lwm yam, rau kev tsim cov khoom siv elastic, hnav-tiv taus qhov chaw, diamagnetic thiab corrosion-resistant qhov chaw, xws li springs, bearings, gears, turbines, washers, thiab lwm yam.
Mechanical tin bronze: feem ntau hu ua phom tooj liab, suav nrog Sn10%, kev tsim cov iav, li qub, kiv cua thiab lwm yam corrosion thiab hnav resistant.
Cov kabmob tin bronze: suav nrog Sn12 ~ 15%, railway qag thiab lwm yam qis ceev hnyav load bearings.
Tin bronze: muaj Sn4 ~ 10%, zoo ductility, zoo heev casting.
Tin bronze: muaj Sn20 ~ 32%, lub impurities tsawg dua, lub suab meej dua.
Bronzes: Bronze statues thiab tsev kho kom zoo nkauj bronze, Cu80 ~ 90%, Sn2 ~ 8%, Zn1 ~ 12%, Pb1 ~ 3%, muaj Zn los txhim kho cov kua fluidity, casting nto kab yog ntshiab.
Daim iav tooj: 2/3Cu, 1/3Sn, daim iav qub tooj liab. Cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv me me ntawm Ni thiab As.
5.3 Aluminium bronze. Aluminium<11.5%. The price of tin is high, the price of aluminum is cheap, and some tin bronze is replaced by aluminum bronze.
Casting kev ua tau zoo: zoo fluidity, loj ntim shrinkage, alumina suav nrog, yooj yim tawg.
Mechanical zog: cuam tshuam tsis muaj txim. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm Al cov ntsiab lus, lub zog thiab hardness nce thiab plasticity txo. Al5 ~ 8%, kev ua haujlwm txias tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kub, Al8 ~ 11%, tsis zoo fluidity, siv los ua alloy casting.
Corrosion Kuj: Cov saum npoo ntaub ntawv ntom xim oxide, corrosion kuj yog qhov zoo dua li tin bronze.
Multicomponent aluminium bronze: ntxiv Fe, Ni, Mn, thiab lwm yam. Fe refines nplej kom tsis txhob spontaneous tempering brittleness, Mn txhim kho lub zog kom tsis txhob tempering brittleness, Ni txhim kho tshav kub thiab corrosion kuj.
5.4 Beryllium tooj liab. Beryllium yog kim dua nyiaj.
Nta: siab zog thiab siab hardness, siab qaug zog txwv thiab elastic txwv; Corrosion-resistant, hnav-resistant, txias, alkaline, zoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity; Kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj txim. Feem ntau siv los ua cov khoom ua kom zoo tshaj plaws elastic thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hnav-tiv taus, siv los ua cov mines, roj refineries thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam tsis zoo.
Beryllium bronze feem ntau ntxiv Ni0.2-0.5%, Cu-Be-Ni ternary alloy, ib qho me me ntawm Ni los txhim kho elasticity, lub zog, hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj.
Fe, Co, Ni thiab Mg txhim khu kev laus thiab ua kom cov nplej. nruj me ntsis tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurity ntsiab P thiab Pb.
Corrosion thiab hnav tsis kam: QBe2, QBe1, dej tshiab thiab dej hiav txwv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov dej ntws, hnav-tiv taus bearings, cov cuab yeej tawg, thiab lwm yam.
6. Dawb tooj liab. Tooj liab nrog npib tsib xee ua lub ntsiab alloying. Nws tau muab faib ua tooj liab zoo tib yam thiab tshwj xeeb dawb tooj liab raws li tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ordinary dawb tooj liab tsuas muaj tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee xwb. Cov tooj liab tshwj xeeb yog tooj liab dawb zoo tib yam los ntawm kev ntxiv Zn, Mn, Al, Fe, Pb, thiab lwm yam, feem hu ua zinc dawb tooj liab, manganese dawb tooj liab, txhuas dawb tooj liab, hlau dawb tooj liab, txhuas dawb tooj liab thiab lwm yam.
Code: B + Nickel cov ntsiab lus. B19 txhais tau tias cov tooj liab dawb uas muaj Ni19%, BMn40-1.5 txhais tau tias hluav taws xob dawb tooj liab muaj Ni40% thiab Mn1.5%.
Dawb tooj liab los ntawm daim ntawv thov kev faib tawm, cov qauv dawb tooj liab thiab hluav taws xob dawb tooj liab.
6.1 Cu-Ni alloy. Muaj Ni3-30%, siab zog, siab corrosion kuj, siab siab, tsis tshua muaj kub yam ntxwv khoom.
6.2 Tshwj xeeb dawb tooj liab. Txhim kho kev laus zog. Aluminium dawb tooj liab, zoo heev kub kev ua tau zoo, haum rau siab kub qhov chaw ntawm combustion xyaw; Silicon dawb tooj liab, zoo elongation thiab conductivity, haum rau high-strength span hwj chim kab, trolley overhead xov hlau, thiab lwm yam .; Zinc dawb tooj liab, zoo kub tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab qaug zog kuj, me me kuj kub coefficient, ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog thermoelectric cov ntaub ntawv.
6.3 Cov qauv dawb tooj liab. Xws li cov tooj liab dawb zoo tib yam, hlau dawb tooj liab, zinc dawb tooj liab, txhuas dawb tooj liab, nrog zoo corrosion kuj, ua cov khoom. Siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov condensers, tshav kub exchangers, cov cuab yeej kho mob, corrosion-resistant qhov chaw, artwork thiab hais txog.
6.4 Hluav taws xob cov tooj liab dawb. Xws li cov tooj liab dawb zoo tib yam, manganese dawb tooj liab, nrog kev ua haujlwm siab, siab thermal muaj peev xwm thiab tsis tshua muaj siab kub coefficient, siv los them nyiaj rau cov xov hlau, thermocouples, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab cov cua sov.
Txawm koj xav taucov kav dej tooj liab, tooj liab,tooj liab daim hlau, peb muaj cov khoom thiab kev txawj ntse kom tau raws li koj xav tau.
