Tej teeb meem thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv tooj liab sulfate electroplating tshuab
Electroplated tooj liab yog feem ntau siv pre-plating txheej los txhim kho lub zog sib txuas ntawm txheej. Copper plating yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo nkauj txheej tooj liab / npib tsib xee / chromium system. Kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab tsis tshua muaj porosity tooj liab plating yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho Lub zog sib txuas thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm coatings ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Copper plating kuj tseem siv rau hauv zos los tiv thaiv carburization, metallization ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm qhov, thiab raws li txheej txheej ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv. Cov tshuaj pleev xim rau xim tooj liab txheej, coated nrog cov organic zaj duab xis, kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia txog cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm electroplating tooj liab thev naus laus zis hauv cov txheej txheem PCB thiab lawv cov kev daws teeb meem.
1. Cov lus nug nquag nug txog Acid Copper Plating
Copper sulfate electroplating plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv PCB electroplating. Qhov zoo ntawm cov kua qaub tooj liab plating ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm electroplated tooj liab txheej, thiab muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas tswj qhov zoo ntawm cov kua qaub tooj liab plating Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm PCB electroplating thiab kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj rau ntau lub tuam txhab loj los tswj. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm cov kua qaub tooj liab plating muaj xws li cov hauv qab no: 1. Rough plating; 2. Electroplating (board nto) tooj liab hais; 3. Electroplating pits; 4. Lub rooj tsavxwm saum npoo yog dawb los yog xim tsis sib xws. Hauv kev teb rau cov teeb meem saum toj no, qee cov ntsiab lus tau ua, thiab qee qhov kev tshuaj xyuas luv luv, kev daws teeb meem thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau ua tiav.
1. Rough plating
Feem ntau, cov ces kaum ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog ntxhib, uas feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub siab plating tam sim no. Koj tuaj yeem txo qhov tam sim no thiab siv daim npav ntsuas ntsuas seb puas muaj qhov txawv txav hauv cov zaub tam sim no. Tag nrho lub rooj tsavxwm yog ntxhib, uas feem ntau tsis tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv tau ntsib nws ib zaug ntawm tus neeg siv khoom lub chaw ua haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd tau kuaj xyuas Lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias tau qis rau lub caij ntuj no thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev lub teeb tsis txaus; Qee zaum cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws yuav tshwm sim yog tias qhov chaw ntawm qee qhov rov ua haujlwm faded panels tsis tau ntxuav kom zoo.
2. Cov khoom tooj liab ntawm electroplated board nto
Muaj ntau yam uas ua rau cov khoom siv tooj liab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, xws li tooj liab sinking, tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv hloov, thiab electroplating tooj liab nws tus kheej. Tus kws sau ntawv tau ntsib cov khoom tooj liab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso cov tooj liab hauv lub tuam txhab loj hauv lub xeev.
Cov tooj liab nyob rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nto tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tooj liab immersion tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tooj liab immersion. Thaum cov dej hardness siab thiab muaj ntau cov plua plav drilling (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ob lub tog vaj huam sib luag tsis degreased) thiab qhov pom tsis zoo, alkaline degreasing yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau roughness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis kuj ua rau roughness hauv lub qhov; tab sis feem ntau nws tsuas yog ua rau lub qhov. Sab hauv roughness thiab me ntsis micro-etching ntawm punctate av ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nto kuj raug tshem tawm; Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm micro-etching: qhov zoo ntawm micro-etching tus neeg sawv cev hydrogen peroxide lossis sulfuric acid tsis zoo los yog ammonium persulfate (sodium) muaj cov impurities siab dhau lawm, feem ntau pom zoo tias nws yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog CP. qib. Tsis tas li ntawd, qib kev lag luam tseem yuav ua rau lwm yam tsis zoo; Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntau dhau hauv lub tank micro-etching lossis kub qis yuav ua rau qeeb nag lossis daus ntawm tooj liab sulfate crystals; lub tank kua yuav turbid thiab polluted. Feem ntau ntawm cov kua dej ua kom dej yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua qias tuaj lossis kev saib xyuas tsis raug, xws li cov dej xau hauv lub tshuab lim dej, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov dej da dej, thiab cov ntsiab lus tooj liab siab (lub tank ua kom siv tau ntev heev, ntau tshaj 3 xyoos), uas yuav tsim granular suspended teeb meem nyob rau hauv da dej kua. Los yog impurity colloid yog adsorbed rau ntawm lub phaj saum npoo los yog lub qhov phab ntsa, uas yuav tau nrog lub cim ntawm roughness nyob rau hauv lub qhov. Degumming lossis accelerating: Cov tshuaj da dej yuav dhau los ua turbid tom qab siv ntev dhau lawm, vim tias feem ntau cov tshuaj degumming tam sim no tau npaj nrog fluoroboric acid, uas yuav tawm tsam cov iav fiber ntau hauv FR-4, ua rau cov silicate thiab calcium ntsev hauv cov da dej tov kom sawv. Siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus tooj liab thiab yaj cov tin ntau hauv cov kua da dej yuav ua rau cov khoom siv tooj liab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov tooj liab immersion tank nws tus kheej feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm lub tank kua, plua plav hauv huab cua sib xyaw, thiab ntau cov khoom me me hauv cov kua tank. Nws tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem tsis, ntxiv lossis hloov cov lim cua lim, tag nrho lub tank pom, thiab lwm yam. Lub dilute acid tank nyob rau hauv uas lub phaj tooj yog khaws cia ib ntus tom qab tooj liab deposition yuav tsum tau ceev kom huv si. Yog hais tias cov kua da dej ua turbid, nws yuav tsum tau hloov raws sij hawm. Immersed tooj liab boards yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cia rau ntev dhau lawm, txwv tsis pub lub board nto yuav yooj yim oxidized, txawm nyob rau hauv acidic daws, thiab oxide zaj duab xis yuav nyuaj rau tshem tawm tom qab oxidation, yog li tooj liab hais kuj yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub board nto. Cov tooj liab nyob rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nto uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tooj liab immersion tau hais los saum no, tshwj tsis yog cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm oxidation ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nto, feem ntau muab faib sib npaug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm uas muaj zog tsis tu ncua, thiab cov pa phem tsim tawm ntawm no, tsis hais seb nws puas yog. conductive los yog tsis, yuav ua rau Cov tiam ntawm tooj liab hais nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub electroplated tooj liab phaj yuav txiav txim tau los ntawm kev siv ib co me me test boards rau cov txheej txheem cais los ntawm kauj ruam. Rau ntawm qhov chaw faulty boards, nws yuav daws tau los ntawm maj mam txhuam nrog ib tug mos txhuam; Cov txheej txheem kev hloov cov duab: muaj cov kua nplaum ntau dhau tom qab kev txhim kho (cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo heev) Nws tuaj yeem raug plated thiab coated thaum lub sij hawm electroplating), los yog nws tsis tau ntxuav kom huv si tom qab kev loj hlob, los yog lub rooj tsavxwm tau tso tseg ntev heev tom qab cov qauv hloov, ua rau Qhov sib txawv ntawm oxidation ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nto, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub rooj tsavxwm nto tsis zoo los yog khaws cia. Thaum huab cua paug hauv lub rooj cob qhia hnyav. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxuav dej, ntxiv dag zog rau kev npaj thiab kev npaj, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev siv cov kua qaub tshem tawm.
Cov kua qaub tooj liab plating tank nws tus kheej, thiab nws txoj kev kho ua ntej ntawm lub sijhawm no, feem ntau yuav tsis ua rau tooj liab rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, vim tias cov khoom uas tsis yog cov khoom siv feem ntau yuav ua rau cov dej ntws los yog qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov laj thawj yog vim li cas cov thooj voos kheej kheej ua rau tooj liab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem piav qhia txog ntau yam: da dej ua kua dej tsis tu ncua, kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem tu. Kev saib xyuas da dej muaj xws li cov ntsiab lus sulfuric acid ntau dhau, cov ntsiab lus tooj liab tsawg dhau, da dej kub tsawg lossis siab dhau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no yuav ua rau tam sim no qhov ntom ntom ntawm chav da dej poob. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntau lawm Kev Ua Haujlwm tuaj yeem tsim cov hmoov tooj liab hauv cov kua da dej thiab sib tov rau hauv cov kua da dej;
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb muaj xws li cov dej ntws tam sim no ntau dhau, cov khoom tsis zoo, cov ntsiab lus khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob. rau hauv cov kua da dej, thiab maj mam ua rau tooj liab particle tsis ua hauj lwm. ; Hais txog cov ntaub ntawv, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus phosphorus ntawm phosphorus tooj liab horns thiab uniformity ntawm phosphorus faib; nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm thiab txij nkawm, nws yog tsuas yog hais txog loj-scale ua. Thaum tooj liab horns ntxiv, lawv poob rau hauv lub tank, feem ntau thaum lub sij hawm loj-scale ua, anode tu thiab anode hnab tu. Ntau lub chaw ua haujlwm Lawv tsis ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj qee qhov kev phom sij zais. Rau kev kho mob loj ntawm cov pob tooj liab, qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab cov tooj liab tshiab yuav tsum tau micro-etched nrog hydrogen peroxide. Lub hnab anode yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv sulfuric acid hydrogen peroxide thiab alkali tov thiab ntxuav. Tshwj xeeb, lub hnab anode yuav tsum siv lub hnab lim PP nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm 5-10 microns. .
3. Electroplating qhov
Qhov kev tsis zoo no ua rau muaj ntau yam txheej txheem, los ntawm tooj liab plating, hloov qauv, mus rau pre-plating kev kho mob, tooj liab plating thiab tin plating. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm immersed tooj liab yog qhov tsis zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ntxuav ntawm cov pob tawb tooj liab dai rau hauv dej. Thaum lub sij hawm micro-etching, cov kua paug uas muaj palladium tooj liab yuav drip los ntawm lub pob tawb dai rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, ua kom muaj kuab paug. Tom qab lub phaj tooj liab immersed yog electrified, nws yuav ua rau point-zoo li to ntawm plating, uas yog, Dimples. Cov txheej txheem hloov cov duab feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej tsis zoo thiab txhim kho thiab tu. Muaj ntau ntau yam yog vim li cas: cov txhuam hniav ntawm lub tshuab txhuam hniav thiab cov nplaum nplaum nplaum nplaum nplaum, cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrog ntawm cov cua riam ntxuam hauv cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws muaj roj thiab plua plav, thiab lwm yam, thiab lub rooj tsavxwm nto yog plua plav ua ntej laminating lossis luam ntawv. . Kev tsis zoo, lub tshuab kev loj hlob tsis huv, dej ntxuav tom qab kev loj hlob tsis zoo, cov silicon uas muaj cov defoaming tus neeg sawv cev kis kab mob ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab lwm yam. Pre-plating kev kho mob, vim hais tias seb nws yog acidic degreaser, micro-etching, pre-soaking, Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua da dej yog sulfuric acid, yog li thaum dej hardness siab, turbidity yuav tshwm sim thiab lub rooj tsavxwm nto yuav ua paug; Tsis tas li ntawd, qee lub tuam txhab hangers tsis zoo encapsulated, thaum lub sij hawm, nws yuav pom tias cov txheej txheej dissolves thiab kis nyob rau hauv lub tank thaum hmo ntuj, paug cov kua tank; cov khoom uas tsis yog-conductive no yog adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm lub phaj, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau txawv qib ntawm plating pits hauv electroplating tom ntej.
4. Lub rooj tsavxwm nto yog dawb los yog xim tsis sib xws
Cov kua qaub tooj liab plating tank nws tus kheej tuaj yeem muaj cov hauv qab no: cov yeeb nkab cua blower deviates los ntawm cov thawj txoj hauj lwm, thiab cov huab cua yog unevenly stirred; lub twj tso kua mis lim dej los yog cov kua inlet nyob ze rau lub tshuab cua tshuab raj kom nqus cua, ua rau cov cua npuas zoo uas yog adsorbed rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nto lossis kab ntug. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kab rov tav kab ntug thiab kab kab; Lwm qhov ua tau yog tias cov paj rwb tsis zoo yog siv thiab kev kho mob tsis meej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li qub uas siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov paj rwb tseem ceeb ua rau cov kua dej da dej, ua rau kom cov plating. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ntxiv Blow up the air and clean up the liquid deg foam in time. Tom qab cov paj rwb core yog soaked nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub thiab alkali, lub board nto tig dawb los yog muaj xim tsis sib xws: nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm brightener los yog txij nkawm, thiab tej zaum nws yuav muaj teeb meem tu tom qab acidic degreasing. Microcorrosion teeb meem. Cov tooj liab lub tog raj kheej polishing tus neeg sawv cev yog tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug, muaj kuab paug loj heev, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov kua da dej yog siab dhau. Acidic degreasing feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem kev tu, tab sis yog tias tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej yog acidic heev thiab muaj cov organic teeb meem ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov dej rov ua dua tshiab, nws yuav ua rau kev tu tsis zoo thiab tsis sib xws micro-etching. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau micro-etching yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm micro-etching ntau dhau. Tsawg, cov ntsiab lus tooj liab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj micro-etching yog siab, da dej kub yog tsawg, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav ua rau tsis sib xws micro-etching ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm; Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias qhov zoo ntawm cov dej ntxuav tsis zoo, lub sij hawm ntxuav lub sij hawm ntev dua los yog cov kua qaub ua ntej ua rau muaj kab mob, lub board nto yuav puas tom qab kho. Yuav muaj oxidation me ntsis. Thaum lub tank tooj liab electroplating, vim tias nws yog acidic oxidation thiab lub rooj tsavxwm raug them rau hauv lub tank, cov oxide yog qhov nyuaj rau tshem tawm, uas yuav ua rau cov xim tsis sib xws ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub rooj tsavxwm nto tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub hnab anode, thiab lub anode ua haujlwm tsis sib xws. , anode passivation thiab lwm yam kev mob kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag.
