Copper smelting thiab classification
Tooj liab smelting
Cov tooj liab ore mined los ntawm tooj liab mine ua tooj liab mloog zoo lossis tooj liab ore xuab zeb nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab siab tom qab tau txais txiaj ntsig. Cov tooj liab mloog zoo yuav tsum tau smelted thiab muab rho tawm ua ntej nws tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab tooj liab.
A. Electrolytic tooj liab thiab refined tooj liab
Cov tooj liab siv hauv kev lag luam suav nrog electrolytic tooj liab (muaj 99.9% txog 99.95% tooj liab) thiab cov tooj liab ua kom zoo (muaj 99.0% rau 99.7% tooj liab). Cov qub yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob los ua cov alloys tshwj xeeb, hlau xaim thiab cov xov hlau. Cov yav tas yog siv los ua lwm yam alloys, tooj liab kav, tooj liab daim hlau, shafts, thiab lwm yam.
B. Copper smelting txheej txheem
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tooj liab metallurgical thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntev, tab sis tooj liab smelting tseem yog feem ntau raws li pyrometallurgy, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig suav txog li 85% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv tooj liab. Niaj hnub nimno hydrometallurgical technology yog maj mam nce, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm hydrometallurgy tau zoo heev txo tus nqi smelting tooj liab.
Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm ob txoj kev siv tooj liab smelting ntawm pyrometallurgy thiab hydrometallurgy (SX-EX).
ib. Pyrometallurgical tooj liab smelting:
Cathode tooj liab, tseem hu ua electrolytic tooj liab, yog tsim los ntawm smelting thiab electrolytic refining, uas yog feem ntau haum rau qib high-qib tooj liab sulfide ores. Pyrometallurgy feem ntau yog thawj zaug nce cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm ob peb feem pua lossis ob peb txhiab tus thawj ore rau 20-30% los ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws ore, thiab tom qab ntawd siv nws li tooj liab mloog zoo rau matte smelting hauv lub qhov cub kaw, reverberatory rauv, hluav taws xob cub hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Lub resulting matte (matte) ces xa mus rau ib tug converter rau tshuab rau crude tooj liab, thiab ces oxidized thiab refined nyob rau hauv lwm reverberatory rauv kom tshem tawm impurities, los yog cam khwb cia rau hauv anode daim hlau rau electrolysis, kom tau electrolytic tooj liab nrog rau qib mus txog 99.9. %. Cov txheej txheem no yog luv luv thiab hloov tau, thiab cov tooj liab rov qab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 95%, tab sis vim tias cov sulfur hauv cov ore raug tso tawm raws li sulfur dioxide pov tseg roj nyob rau hauv ob theem ntawm matte ua thiab tshuab, nws tsis yooj yim rau rov qab thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo. rau kev ua qias tuaj. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, pyrometallurgy tau maj mam txhim kho mus tas li thiab automated smelting, xws li cov nyiaj, txoj kev Noranda, thiab txoj kev Mitsubishi hauv Nyiv.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv tooj liab, cov khoom siv tooj liab tseem yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv tooj liab, nrog rau cov khoom qub qub thiab cov khoom siv tooj liab tshiab. Cov khoom qub qub los ntawm cov khoom qub thiab cov tshuab qub, cov tsev uas tau tso tseg thiab cov kav dej hauv av; Cov khoom siv tooj liab tshiab los ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab pov tseg los ntawm kev ua cov nroj tsuag (cov khoom siv tooj liab yog li 50%). Feem ntau, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab yog qhov ruaj khov. Khawb tooj liab tuaj yeem muab faib ua: liab qab seem tooj liab (qib siab dua 90%); daj seem tooj liab (hlau); cov khoom siv tooj liab ( qub motors, circuit boards); tooj liab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws, tseem hu ua recycled tooj liab.
b. Wet tooj liab smelting:
Lub nkoj tsim nyog rau qib qis tooj liab oxide, thiab cov tooj liab refined uas yog electrolytic tooj liab. Niaj hnub nimno ntub dej smelting muaj xws li sulfuric acid roasting-leaching-electrolytic, leaching-extraction-electrolytic, kab mob leaching thiab lwm txoj kev, uas yog haum rau heap leaching, tank leaching los yog nyob rau hauv-situ leaching ntawm qis-qib complex ores, tooj liab oxide ores, thiab tooj liab-muaj pov tseg ore. Cov tshuab ntub dej ntub dej tau maj mam txhawb nqa, thiab nws xav tias yuav ncav cuag 20% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua no. Kev taw qhia txog kev ntub dej smelting tau txo tus nqi smelting ntawm tooj liab zoo heev.
Cov txheej txheem khiav dej num yog raws li nram no: Ntawm lawv, tooj liab extraction (tus txheej txheem ntawm tooj liab nkag mus rau hauv cov organic txheej los ntawm cov dej txheej) thiab rov qab extraction (cov txheej txheem ntawm tooj liab nkag mus rau hauv cov dej txheej los ntawm cov organic txheej) yog ib qho tseem ceeb technologies ntawm niaj hnub. hydrometallurgy.
Ob txheej txheem ntawm pyrometallurgy thiab hydrometallurgy muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
(1) Cov khoom siv smelting tom kawg yog yooj yim dua, tab sis cov ntsiab lus impurity siab dua, uas yog ib qho txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau yav dhau los.
(2) Cov tom kawg muaj kev txwv thiab raug rau qib thiab hom ore.
(3) Tus nqi ntawm qhov qub yog siab dua li yav tas los.
Nws tuaj yeem pom tias hydrometallurgy thev naus laus zis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis nws qhov kev thov tsuas yog txwv. Tsis yog txhua qhov tooj liab tuaj yeem smelted siv cov txheej txheem no. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ntau thiab ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog Tebchaws Meskas, Chile, Canada, Australia, Mexico thiab Peru, tau siv cov txheej txheem no rau ntau qhov tooj liab. Kev txhim kho ntawm hydrometallurgy thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm nws daim ntawv thov tau txo cov nqi ntawm cov tooj liab, ua kom muaj peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm cov mines tooj liab, nce cov peev txheej ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv zej zog, thiab muaj cov khoom siv hauv zej zog. rub cov nyhuv ntawm tus nqi.
