"Electrolytic tooj liab" yog cov khoom kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem tooj liab smelting. Nws tsis yog ingot-puab, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv-shaped. Cov npoo tsis zoo li qub (tshwj tsis yog tom qab txiav), thiab qhov saum npoo tsis du heev.
"Electrolytic tooj liab" tuaj yeem hais tias yog tooj liab ntshiab, thiab nws cov xim yog ntshav-liab, yog li nws tseem hu ua "liab tooj liab" lossis "liab tooj liab". Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov khoom siv tooj liab, ib qho me me ntawm lwm cov hlau (xws li zinc, thiab lwm yam) ntxiv los txhim kho hardness lossis lwm yam khoom ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab. Txij li cov nyiaj ntxiv me me, cov xim tsis hloov ntau, yog li nws feem ntau hu ua "liab tooj liab" lossis "liab tooj liab".
Yog hais tias zinc ntxiv ntau tshaj ib qho kev faib ua feem, cov xim ntawm tooj liab hloov daj, uas yog "tooj liab". Brass yog qhov nyuaj dua, tab sis nws cov tawv tawv thiab ductility yog qhov phem dua, thiab nws cov conductivity tsis zoo li liab tooj liab (liab tooj liab).
Chile National Copper yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws tooj liab mining ntau lawm thiab kev lag luam lag luam. Hauv xyoo 2011, nws cov txiaj ntsig tau suav txog 13% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho. Nws yog Chilean lub xeev cov lag luam thiab cov lag luam tsis muaj npe. Nws kev koom tes nrog txawv teb chaws peev yog tsuas yog los ntawm kev pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Chile National Copper tau koom tes nrog Suav thiab Nyij Pooj cov tuam txhab thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm kev cog lus thiab lwm yam. Tshiab seem tooj liab (cov khoom tshiab) yog cov khoom seem tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua tooj liab thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Cov khoom seem tsim los ntawm lub smelter thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom thiab ua cov txheej txheem hu ua "tsev seem tooj liab" los yog "khiav puag ncig seem tooj liab". Cov khoom seem tooj liab uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab xa ncaj qha xa rov qab mus rau tus neeg muag khoom yog hu ua "kev lag luam seem tooj liab", "spot seem tooj liab" thiab "spot seem tooj liab". Yam cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm tooj liab. Piv txwv li, cov seem tooj liab tshem tawm ntawm cov qub tsheb radiators, cua txias txias kav, thiab lwm yam yog hu ua qub seem tooj liab. Ob hom khoom seem tooj liab yog sib sau ua ke hu ua "scrap tooj liab". A. Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov xwm txheej kev lag luam tau pom tseeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau niaj hnub kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb, uas tau dhau los ua ntau dua thiab ntau dua thoob ntiaj teb. Cov khoom lag luam muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev lag luam ntau dua, yog li tus nqi ntawm cov tooj liab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam. Kev siv tooj liab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov teb chaws tsim khoom lag luam. Cov kev lag luam ntawm cov tebchaws no, xws li Tebchaws Meskas, Nyiv, thiab Western Europe, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov nqi tooj liab. Feem ntau hais lus, thaum muaj kev lag luam zoo, qhov kev thov rau tooj liab nce thiab tus nqi nce, thiab rov qab. B. Cov xwm txheej ntau lawm hauv cov teb chaws tsim khoom. Chile yog lub tebchaws uas muaj tooj liab nplua nuj tshaj plaws thiab yog lub ntiaj teb tus xa khoom tooj liab loj tshaj plaws. Zambia thiab Zaire hauv Central Africa kuj tseem yog cov neeg tsim tooj liab tseem ceeb. Yuav luag tag nrho cov tooj liab uas lawv tsim tau raug xa tawm, thiab lawv cov kev tsim khoom muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev lag luam tooj liab thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nom kev tswv hauv peb lub tebchaws no yeej ib txwm tsis ruaj khov, thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau tshwm sim, uas tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus nqi tooj liab.
c. Kev cuam tshuam raws caij nyoog. Lub caij nyoog hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi tooj liab yog qhov pom tseeb dua, nrog rau qhov qis qis hauv Lub Ib Hlis thiab qhov taw tes siab nyob rau lub Yim Hli txhua xyoo.
d. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam txoj cai. Txij li thaum tooj liab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, kev tsim kho, tshuab thiab kev thauj mus los, lub teb chaws txoj cai kev lag luam rau cov kev lag luam no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov nqi tooj liab.
e. Tus nqi hloov pauv. Hauv kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus, tooj liab yeej ib txwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom, tab sis kev nce qib thiab kev siv tshuab fiber ntau optical tau tawm tsam cov xwm txheej ntawm tooj liab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hlau xws li txhuas muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li tooj liab thiab tau hloov tooj liab hauv feem ntau ntawm kev siv.
f. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom muag. Cov khoom muag yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau tus nqi tooj liab. Raws li kev ua lag luam sib txawv, cov tuam txhab yuav siv cov kev ntsuas sib txawv kom nce lossis txo cov khoom muag. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv raw xav tau rau kev tsim khoom lossis ua kom cov peev nyiaj tau los sai, kev lag luam tooj liab kuj tseem yuav ruaj khov los ntawm kev siv cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv.
g. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm txoj cai thiab kev cai. Txij li thaum lub lag luam tooj liab yog lub lag luam thoob ntiaj teb nrog kev lag luam loj thoob ntiaj teb, kev hloov pauv hauv cov xwm txheej xws li kev xa tawm thiab xa tawm cov cai, kev sib pauv tus nqi, thiab kev siv zog ntawm kev tawm tsam kev smuggling nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau tus nqi tooj liab.
Xyoo 2005, Tuam Tshoj Minmetals tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus kev koom tes nrog Chile los koom ua ke tsim Chilean tooj liab qhov project muaj nqis txog US $ 2 billion. Minmetals Metals thiab Chile's National Copper Corporation txhua tus tuav 50% ceg txheem ntseeg hauv kev sib koom ua lag luam. Hauv kev xa rov qab, Minmetals Metals tau txais daim ntawv cog lus ntev tooj liab. Xyoo 2007, Chile National Copper Corporation nrhiav kev hloov kho daim ntawv cog lus nrog Tuam Tshoj Minmetals los xyuas kom meej lub teb chaws ntawm Gaby tooj liab mine [9]. Xyoo 2008, Tuam Tshoj Enfei tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus kev koom tes nrog Chile National Copper Corporation, feem ntau yog rau kev sib koom tes.
