F. Daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam teeb
Cov khoom lag luam teeb pom kev zoo muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg lub neej, nrog rau ntau yam ntau yam. Vim tooj liab muaj cov khoom zoo, nws tuaj yeem pom txhua qhov chaw.
※ Cua txias thiab tub yees
Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub tshuab cua txias thiab lub tub yees yog ua tiav los ntawm evaporation thiab condensation ntawm tooj liab hlab ntawm lub tshav kub exchanger. Qhov loj thiab kev ua haujlwm kub hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob feem ntau txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo thiab miniaturization ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab cua txias thiab lub tub yees. Tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus tooj liab raj nrog siab thermal conductivity yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cav tov. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm tooj liab, cov kav dej kub nrog cov grooves thiab cov fins siab tau tsim thiab tsim tsis ntev los no. Lawv yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv hauv cov tshuab cua txias, tub yees, tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg. Tag nrho cov thermal conductivity coefficient ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tuaj yeem nce mus rau 2 mus rau 3 npaug ntawm cov raj zoo tib yam thiab 1.2 txog 1.3 npaug ntawm cov raj qis qis. Nws tau siv hauv tsev, txuag 40% ntawm tooj liab thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua 1/3.
※ Cov moos
Tam sim no tsim cov moos, timers thiab cov khoom siv nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm, feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm " moos tooj dag". Cov hlau muaj 1.5-2% txhuas, muaj cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj. Piv txwv li, cov iav raug txiav los ntawm cov hlau ntev ntev extruded, lub log tiaj tus yog xuas nrig los ntawm cov kab sib txuas ntawm cov tuab tuab, thiab lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, cov ntsia hlau thiab cov pob qij txha yog ua los ntawm tooj dag lossis lwm yam tooj liab alloys. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pheej yig watches yog ua los ntawm gunmetal (tin-zinc bronze) los yog plated nrog npib tsib xee nyiaj (dawb tooj liab). Qee lub moos nto moo yog ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab tooj liab alloys. Lub sij hawm tes ntawm British "Big Ben" yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv phom phom, thiab cov feeb tes yog ua los ntawm 14-foot-ntev tooj liab raj.
Lub Hoobkas moos niaj hnub, siv tooj liab alloy ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, nias thiab cov pwm meej, tuaj yeem tsim tau 10,000 txog 30,000 moos hauv ib hnub ntawm tus nqi qis heev.
※ Papermaking
Nyob rau niaj hnub no cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv mus ib txhis, kev siv ntawv yog loj heev. Daim ntawv yuav zoo li yooj yim ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis cov txheej txheem papermaking yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nws yuav tsum muaj ntau cov kauj ruam thiab ntau lub tshuab, nrog rau cov cua txias, evaporators, beaters, paper machines, thiab lwm yam. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom, xws li ntau yam kev sib hloov cua sov tub, rollers, beating rods, semi-kua twj thiab hlau meshes, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj liab. alloys.
Piv txwv li, tam sim no plaub-xaim papermaking tshuab txau cov ntaub ntawv npaj mus rau lub nrawm nrawm nrog cov mesh zoo (40-60 mesh). Lub mesh yog woven los ntawm tooj dag thiab phosphor bronze hlau. Nws yog qhov dav heev, feem ntau ntau dua 20 ko taw (6 meters), thiab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ncaj nraim. Lub mesh txav mus rau ntawm ib lub me me tooj dag lossis tooj liab rollers, thiab thaum nws hla nrog cov pulp txau rau ntawm nws, noo noo yog nqus tawm hauv qab. Lub mesh vibrates tib lub sij hawm los khi cov fibers me me nyob rau hauv lub pulp ua ke. Lub mesh loj ntawm cov tshuab ua ntawv loj loj, txog li 26 feet 8 nti (8.1 meters) dav thiab 100 feet (30.5 meters) ntev. Cov ntaub ntub dej tsis yog tsuas yog muaj dej xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov tshuaj siv hauv cov txheej txheem papermaking, uas yog corrosive heev. Txhawm rau kom paub meej cov ntawv zoo, cov kev cai rau cov khoom siv mesh yog nruj heev. Nws yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muaj zog thiab elasticity, tab sis kuj yuav tiv taus pulp corrosion. Copper alloys muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov no.
※ Kev luam ntawv
Hauv kev luam ntawv, tooj liab daim hlau yog siv rau phototypesetting. Tom qab polished tooj liab phaj yog rhiab heev nrog photosensitive emulsion, nws yog yees duab rau nws. Photosensitive tooj liab phaj yuav tsum tau rhuab kom harden cov kua nplaum. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob softening vim cua sov, tooj liab feem ntau muaj me me ntawm cov nyiaj los yog arsenic los ua kom cov softening kub. Tom qab ntawd, lub phaj yog corroded los ua ib qho chaw luam ntawv nrog concave thiab convex dot qauv.
Ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv tsis siv neeg, hom yog tsim los ntawm kev teeb tsa tooj dag hom blocks, uas yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tooj liab hauv kev luam ntawv. Hom blocks feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj dag, thiab qee zaum tooj liab lossis tooj liab.
※ Brewing
Hauv ntiaj teb npias brewing, tooj liab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Copper feem ntau yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem ntawm malt chim thiab fermentation tanks. Qee lub breweries nto moo muaj ntau tshaj kaum ntawm cov chim no uas muaj peev xwm ntau tshaj 20,000 nkas loos. Hauv lub tank fermentation, dej feem ntau dhau los ntawm cov kav hlau kom txias. Cov kav dej hlau kuj tseem siv los hla dej vapor mus rau npias thaum tshav kub, thiab cov kav hlau siv los thauj cawv, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum distilling whiskey thiab lwm yam dej cawv muaj zog, steel stills feem ntau yog siv. Whiskey malt cawv yuav tsum tau distilled ob zaug, siv ob loj tooj liab tseem.
※ Tshuaj kho mob
Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, txhua yam ntawm steaming, boiling, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev yog ua los ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab. Hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, zinc dawb tooj liab yog dav siv. Copper alloy kuj yog ib qho khoom siv rau cov iav tsom iav, thiab lwm yam.
