Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv T1, T2 thiab T3 tooj liab - Kev Paub

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm T1 tooj liab, T2 tooj liab, thiab T3 tooj liab?

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm T1 tooj liab, T2 tooj liab, thiab T3 tooj liab yog lawvtooj liab (Cu + Ag).:

Qib	Yam tsawg kawg yog tooj liab + nyiaj ntsiab lus	Qhov siab tshaj plaws impurities
T1 tooj	99.95%	0.05%
T2 tooj	99.90%	0.10%
T3 tooj	99.70%	0.30%

T1 toojmuaj qhov purity siab tshaj plaws thiab yog qib purest.T2 toojyog tooj liab -silver alloy tsis muaj phosphorus yuav tsum tau.T3 toojmuaj qhov qis tshaj purity thiab siab tshaj impurity cov ntsiab lus.

T1 copper tubing

Yuav Ua Li Cas T1 Copper, T2 Copper, thiab T3 Copper Sib Piv hauv Tensile Strength?

Cov khoom siv kho tshuab sib txawv ntawm peb qib:

Qib	Tensile zog (MPa)	Elongation Tom qab Fracture	Hardness (HBS)
T1 tooj	Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 295	45-50%	35-40
T2 tooj	Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 195	45-50%	35-40
T3 tooj	Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 210	45-50%	35-40

T1 tooj liab muaj lub zog tensile siab tshaj (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 295 MPa), ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub zog txhua yam. T2 tooj liab muaj lub zog tensile qis tshaj ntawm peb. T3 tooj liab poob rau hauv nruab nrab.

Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm T1 tooj liab, T2 tooj liab, thiab T3 tooj liab?

T1 toojmuaj covzoo tshaj plaws hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivityvim nws muaj cov impurity tsawg tshaj plaws uas txo cov conductivity. Ib qho me me ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv T1 tooj liab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws cov conductivity lossis kev ua haujlwm. T1 tooj liab tuaj yeem siv rau lub teeb vuam thiab fiber ntau vuam.

T2 toojkuj muajzoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, nrog tsawg impurity cov ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, T2 tooj liab yogsusceptible rau "hydrogen kab mob"(hydrogen embrittlement) thaum ua tiav hauv siab -kub txo cov cua.

T3 toojmuaj covqis conductivityntawm peb qib. Nws muaj ntau impurities uas txo cov conductivity thiab muaj roj cov ntsiab lus ntau dua T2 tooj liab. T3 toojntau dua rau cov kab mob hydrogenthiabtsis tuaj yeem ua tiav (annealed, welded, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv siab -kub txo cua sov.

Resistivity qeb duas (qis tshaj mus rau siab tshaj):T1 tooj liab (qis tshaj) → T2 tooj liab → T3 tooj liab (siab tshaj)

Dab tsi yog Hydrogen Disease (Hydrogen Embrittlement) hauv T2 Copper thiab T3 Copper?

Kab mob Hydrogen, kuj hu uahydrogen embrittlement, tshwm sim thaum tooj liab uas muaj oxygen yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug txo qhov chaw uas muaj hydrogen. Cov hydrogen reacts nrog tooj liab oxide los ua dej vapor, uas ua rau sab hauv siab thiab ua rau tawg.

T2 tooj liab:Ua rau muaj kab mob hydrogen. Siv ceev faj thaum annealing lossis vuam T2 tooj liab hauv kev txo cov cua.

T3 tooj liab:Cov kab mob hydrogen ntau dua li T2 tooj liab vim muaj cov pa oxygen ntau dua.Tsis txhob anneal, weld, los yog siv T3 tooj liab nyob rau hauv siab -kub uas txo cua sov siab tshaj 370℃.

T1 tooj liab:Tsawg raug vim yog siab dua purity thiab qis dua cov ntsiab lus oxygen.

Rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj vuam lossis siab -kev ua haujlwm kub hauv kev txo cov cua, qhia T1 tooj liab lossis oxygen- tooj liab dawb (TU1/TU2) es tsis yog T2 lossis T3 tooj liab.

Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws rau T1 tooj liab, T2 tooj liab, thiab T3 tooj liab yog dab tsi?

Qib	Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws	Kev txwv
T1 tooj	High -cov khoom siv hluav taws xob conductivity, lub teeb vuam, fiber ntau vuam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xav tau qhov siab tshaj plaws purity	Tus nqi siab dua
T2 tooj	General hluav taws xob thiab thermal daim ntaub ntawv, brazing, soldering, conductive Cheebtsam	Tsis txhob siab -kub los txo qhov cua
T3 tooj	Cov khoom siv (gaskets, rivets, nozzles, conduits), hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo, tsis tshua muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob	Tsis haumrau vuam los yog annealing nyob rau hauv txo cov cua; qis conductivity

T3 toojyog siv los ua ib tugkhoom sives tsis yog rau siab -cov ntawv thov kev coj ua. Cov khoom siv tooj liab T3 muaj xws li hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo, gaskets, rivets, nozzles, thiab ntau yam conduits.

Qhov txawv ntawm Ordinary Liab Copper, Oxygen -Dawb tooj liab, thiab Deoxidized tooj liab yog dab tsi?

Suav liab tooj liab (ntshiab tooj liab) ua cov ntaub ntawv muab faib ua plaub pawg:

Qeb	Qib	Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb
Ordinary liab tooj	T1, T2, T3	Standard ntshiab tooj liab nrog txawv purity qib
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab	TU1, TU2, siab -purity nqus OFC	Tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement, siab tshaj conductivity
Deoxidized tooj liab	TUB, TUM	Phosphorus los yog manganese ntxiv rau deoxidation
tooj liab tshwj xeeb	Arsenic tooj liab, tellurium tooj liab, nyiaj tooj liab	Me me alloying ntxiv rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb

Rau siab purity daim ntaub ntawv(cov khoom siv suab, lub tshuab nqus tsev hluav taws xob, cables), qhia meejoxygen-dawb toojnrog 99.995% purity lossis siab dua, xws li:

LC-OFC(Linear Crystalline Oxygen-Dawb Copper): purity Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.995%

OCC(Ib leeg Crystal Oxygen-Dawb Copper): purity Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.996%

UP-OCC(Ultra-Pure Copper los ntawm Ohno Continuous Casting): tsis muaj kev taw qhia, tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob impedance, zoo tagnrho rau siab - teeb liab kis tau tus mob

FAQ

Q1: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm T1 tooj liab thiab T2 tooj liab?
T1 tooj liab muaj yam tsawg kawg nkaus 99.95% tooj liab + nyiaj cov ntsiab lus. T2 tooj liab muaj yam tsawg kawg nkaus 99.90% tooj liab + nyiaj ntsiab lus. Qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.05% cuam tshuam rau conductivity, nqi, thiab susceptibility rau hydrogen embrittlement.

Q2: Lub zog tensile ntawm T1 tooj liab piv rau T3 tooj liab yog dab tsi?
T1 tooj liab muaj zog tensile Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 295 MPa. T3 tooj liab muaj zog tensile Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 210 MPa. T1 tooj liab muaj zog dua li ntawm 85 MPa.

Q3: Dab tsi ASTM qib sib npaug rau T1 tooj liab?
T1 tooj liab yog kwv yees li ASTM C10200 (oxygen-dawb tooj liab). Txawm li cas los xij, lees paub cov cai tshwj xeeb nrog koj tus neeg muag khoom, vim tias qhov sib npaug sib npaug sib txawv raws li daim ntawv thov.

Q4: Dab tsi yog ASTM sib npaug ntawm T2 tooj liab?
T2 tooj liab sib npaug rau ASTM C11000 (electrolytic tawv pitch tooj liab). Qhov no yog qib tooj liab ntshiab tshaj plaws rau kev siv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb.

Q5: ASTM sib npaug ntawm T3 tooj liab yog dab tsi?
T3 tooj liab tsis muaj ncaj qha ASTM sib npaug vim nws qis purity. Rau cov ntawv teev npe T3 tooj liab, ASTM C12500 (hluav taws-refined tooj liab) yuav raug txiav txim siab.

Q6: T2 tooj liab puas tuaj yeem welded yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo hydrogen embrittlement?
T2 tooj liab tuaj yeem welded, tab sis nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hydrogen embrittlement thaum welded hauv kev txo cov cua. Siv cov roj tiv thaiv kom zoo thiab zam kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kub siab - hydrogen kub - muaj ib puag ncig. Rau qhov tseem ceeb welded pob qij txha, qhia T1 tooj liab lossis oxygen-dawb tooj liab (TU1/TU2).

Q7: Tus kab mob hydrogen hauv T3 tooj liab yog dab tsi, thiab yuav tiv thaiv li cas?
Hydrogen kab mob yog tawg los ntawm hydrogen reacting nrog oxygen nyob rau hauv tooj liab. T3 tooj liab muaj cov pa oxygen ntau dua thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua. Tiv thaiv los ntawm: (1) zam welding lossis annealing T3 tooj liab hauv kev txo cov cua, (2) siv T1 lossis oxygen- tooj liab dawb rau cov khoom siv welded, thiab (3) ua kom kub qis dua 370℃hauv hydrogen- muaj ib puag ncig.

Q8: Puas yog T3 tooj liab haum rau kev siv hluav taws xob thaiv?
Tsis pom zoo. T3 tooj liab muaj qis conductivity vim 0.30% siab tshaj impurities. Rau kev xaim hluav taws xob, qhia T1 tooj liab (99.95%) lossis T2 tooj liab (99.90%) hloov.

Q9: Dab tsi yog qhov recrystallization kub ntawm T3 tooj liab?
Lub recrystallization kub ntawm T3 tooj liab yog 200-280 degree. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem annealing. Tshaj qhov ntsuas kub no thaum lub sij hawm annealing tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xav tau kev loj hlob.

Q10: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm T3 tooj liab zoo tib yam thiab oxygen- tooj liab dawb (TU1/TU2)?
Ordinary T3 tooj liab muaj 99.70% cov ntsiab lus tooj liab tsawg kawg nkaus thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hydrogen embrittlement. Oxygen-dawb tooj liab (TU1/TU2) muaj 99.95-99.97% tooj liab yam tsawg kawg nkaus, tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement, siab dua conductivity, thiab zoo weldability. Oxygen- tooj liab dawb yog siv rau high-end electronics thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev.

Q11: T3 tooj liab puas tuaj yeem siv rau kev siv cryogenic (tsis tshua muaj kub)?
Yog lawm. T3 tooj liab tau nce hauv lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab -250℃. Txawm li cas los xij, txheeb xyuas qhov tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau muaj qhov kub thiab txias nrog koj tus engineer, vim tias cov khoom cuam tshuam kuj tuaj yeem hloov pauv.

Q12: OCC thiab UP yog dab tsi -OCC tooj liab, thiab lawv piv rau T1 tooj liab li cas?
OCC (Ib leeg Crystal Oxygen-Free Copper) thiab UP-OCC (Ultra-Pure Copper los ntawm Ohno Continuous Casting) yog ultra- siab- purity tooj liab nrog 99.996% purity yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Lawv tsis muaj grain directionality, tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob impedance, thiab superior teeb liab kis tau tus mob. T1 tooj liab (99.95%) yog qis dua purity thiab tsis muaj ib qho - siv lead ua qauv. Rau siab-kawg suab lossis siab- cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev, qhia OCC lossis UP-OCC tsis yog T1 tooj liab.