Tooj liab tsis yog tsuas siv nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev lag luam tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam tawm thiab siab} tech teb. Niaj hnub no, peb yuav tshawb cov ntawv thov tooj liab xws li khoos phis tawj thiab cryogenitors thiab cryogenics, aerospace technology, thiab siab} lub zog Physics.
Khoos phis tawj
Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis yog nyob rau ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm kev kub siab thev naus laus zis. Nws tso siab rau cov khoos phis tawj - lub crystallization ntawm niaj hnub nov {2} Taug kev hloov thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Lub plawv ntawm lub khoos phis tawm muaj lub microprocessor (suav nrog chav ua plaub fab thiab tus tswj hwm) thiab nco. Cov khoom siv yooj yim (kho vajtse) yog loj - teev ua ke teev ua ke (Licis). Ntawm cov chips me me, tsheej lab ntawm cov tshuab tsis sib haum, kev tawm tsam, thiab lwm yam tau faib cov lej sai thiab cov kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntau. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tsuas ua haujlwm tsuas yog thaum sib sau ua ke siv cov taug txhuas thiab luam tawm cov laug cam. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv tshooj yav dhau los "hauv cov khoom lag luam hluav taws xob," tooj liab thiab cov ntawv luam tawm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus me me ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Superconductivity thiab tsawg kub
Cov hluav taws xob tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dav dav (tshwj tsis yog cov sinsonductors) tsawg zuj zus nrog qhov ntsuas kub tsawg zuj zus. Ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj kub, qhov tsis kam ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv ploj tag, qhov tshwm sim uas hu ua superconductivity. Qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm qhov twg superconductivity tshwm sim yog hu ua cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb superconducting rau kub. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm superconductivity tau qhib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Nrog xoom tsis kam, ib qho voltage me me tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom loj heev (theoretically tsis kawg) tam sim no, ua rau muaj kev sib nqus loj thiab quab yuam. Lwm txoj kev, thaum tam sim no hla nws, tsis muaj voltage poob lossis lub zog poob. Nws cov ntaub ntawv siv tau meej meej kom pom meej meej kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsim thiab lub neej, thiab yog nyiam xim ntau.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov hlau ua kom zoo nkauj, supercondivity tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum kub doping to abscute ze (}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, qee cov alloys superoconducts tau raug tsim nrog kev kub ntxhov siab tshaj li cov hlau ntshiab, xws li NB3SN alloy, uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 18.1K. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv daim ntawv thov yog inextricably txuas rau tooj liab. Ua ntej, cov alloys yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm ultra -} qis kub, tiav los ntawm liquefaction ntawm roj av. Piv txwv li, cov liquefaction qhov kub ntawm cov kua helium, thiab ua kua nitrogen yog 4K ({21}} 256 (-196 degree), feem. Tooj liab tswj hwm kom muaj kev nruj heev thiab ductility ntawm qhov chaw kub me, ua rau nws tsis tseem ceeb thiab cov twj xa khoom hauv cryogenic engineering. Tsis tas li ntawd, superconducting alloys xws li NB3SN thiab NBTI yog nkig heev thiab nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem rau hauv tej daim, xav tau tooj liab sheathing los tuav lawv ua ke. Cov ntaub ntawv superconducting tam sim no tau siv hauv kev tsim cov hlau nplaum muaj zog, pom hauv kev kho mob separators hauv qee cov mines. Cov tsheb ciav hlau MagLev tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho, muaj peev xwm tshaj 500 mais hauv ib teev, zam kev sib kis ntawm cov kev sib tw ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau.
Aerospace Tshuab
Ntxiv nrog rau microeleconic tswj cov tshuab, twj, thiab ntsuas, ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv rockets, satellites siv tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys. Piv txwv li, kev sib txuas thiab cov lag luam qhwv ntsej muag tuaj yeem txias siv hlau zoo heev thermal los tswj qhov kub thiab txias hauv kev txwv. Ariana v foob pob hluav taws xob ua ke yog tsim los ntawm lub tooj liab {2 2} Nyiaj }lloy nrog 360 txias chanroy nrog 360 cua txias kom txias lub chav ua haujlwm txias.
Tooj liab alloys kuj yog cov khoom txheem rau thauj khoom - Cov kabmob hauv satellite qauv. Satellite solar panels yog feem ntau ua los ntawm alloys tooj liab thiab ob peb lwm cov ntsiab lus.
High - Zog Hluav Taws Xob
Unraveling lub mysteries ntawm teeb meem tus qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb hauv paus tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Txhua kauj ruam rau pem hauv ntej kom nkag siab cov teeb meem no muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tib neeg. Qhov kev siv tam sim no atomic zog yog rooj plaub hauv taw tes. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias cov tsev me me uas tsis yog molecules thiab atoms, tab sis quarks thiab lepsions ntawm lub sij hawm me dua. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov feem ntau yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tshua muaj, ntau pua ntau dua li cov neeg nyob hauv nruab nrab bomic bomic tawg. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua siab- hluav taws xob physics. Xws li lub zog siab yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom nrawm dua li qhov chaw sib nqus Yuav kom ua tiav qhov no, ntev, siab-} sib nqus cov teb teb raws yog tsim siv cov hlau windings. Cov qauv zoo sib xws tseem yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev tswj cov kub thermonuclear. Txhawm rau txo qhov ntsuas kub nce los ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm lawv, cov kev sib tw ua ke yog qhov txhab nrog hollow, puab pas nrig pub rau txias.
Lub tuam txhab muaj pawg ntawm cov coj tooj liab ua ntau lawm cov kab hauv Suav teb, suav nrog:
German tau yog precision tooj liab raj ntau lawm kab (ib xyoos tawm ntawm 30,000 tons)
Japanese technology Tooj liab ntawv tuav kab (thinnest txog li 6μm)
Tsis Siv Neeg Siab Tooj Liab Bar Nruam Extrusion Kab
Cov Ntawv Ntse Copper thiab Sawb Fining Mill Chav Tsev
Digitalized kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tau pom los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom lag luam, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag ± 0.01 hli.
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