Kev sib qhia paub, muaj ntau dua 64 hom hlau tsis muaj hlau? --Kev piav qhia dua ntawm txoj kev faib cov hlau tsis muaj hlau
Paub meej: Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm 118 lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum yog cov hlau. Txawm hais tias cov hlau no yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab yuav tsum tau faib cov hlau tsis yog hlau li cas yog cov lus nug uas tsim nyog tau txais kev qhia ntxiv.
Nonferrous hlau thiab lawv cov alloys, raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub no, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim thiab cov khoom siv tswv yim hauv kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, tib neeg lub neej niaj hnub, kev lag luam tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, kev tsim kho science thiab technology thiab lwm yam.
Tib neeg txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, zoo li kev nkag siab ntawm cov xwm txheej, yog cov txheej txheem uas txuas ntxiv mus tob los ntawm macro mus rau micro. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshuaj tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua, qhov tseeb tsis tu ncua, thiab nce ntxiv.
Tam sim no, ntau dua 80% ntawm 118 lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum yog cov hlau. Txawm hais tias cov hlau no yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab yuav tsum tau faib cov hlau tsis yog hlau li cas yog cov lus nug uas tsim nyog tau txais kev qhia ntxiv.
1) Cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog dab tsi?
Cov lus Askiv txhais ntawm "non-ferrous metals" yog "Nonferrous Metals", uas sib raug rau cov lus Askiv txhais ntawm "ferrous metals" "Ferrous Metals".
Cov lus txhais ntawm "Ferrous Metals" hauv lus Askiv yog ferrous hlau, uas yog hais txog lub npe ntawm cov hlau, manganese thiab chromium. "Nonferrous Metals" txhais tau tias yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, uas yog hais txog lub npe ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau, manganese thiab chromium.
Raws li ib tug txiv neej laus uas tau ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam hlau tsis-ferrous rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhais "Ferrous Metals" thiab "Nonferrous Metals" rau "ferrous metals" thiab "non-ferrous metals" kuj yog ib qho nthuav. zaj dab neeg uas qhia txog kev kos duab ntawm kev txhais lus.
Cov kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug txhais "Ferrous Metals" thiab "Nonferrous Metals" xav tias yog lawv raug txhais ncaj qha li "ferrous metals" thiab "non-ferrous metals", lossis "ferrous metals" thiab "non-ferrous metals", txawm tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhais lus tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, nws tsis yog concise thiab kuj yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau hais nyob rau hauv kev siv. Yog li tus kws tshawb fawb no tau dhia tawm ntawm nws txoj kev xav li ib txwm thiab pib los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov hlau kom rov tsim dua hauv kev txhais lus.
Txawm hais tias cov hlau ntshiab yog nyiaj-dawb, hlau peb feem ntau pom hauv tib neeg txoj haujlwm niaj hnub thiab lub neej yog xim dub. Qhov no yog vim hais tias saum npoo ntawm hlau yog them nrog ib tug dub oxide zaj duab xis: ferric oxide. Nws yog precisely vim hais tias ntawm no oxide zaj duab xis uas ua rau tib neeg lub tswv yim ntawm dub, yog li los ntawm no foundations, "Ferrous Metals" yog creatively txhais li "dub hlau".
Nrog "ferrous hlau", txiav txim siab tias nyiaj yog dawb, kub yog golden, tooj liab yog daj, thiab lead yog grey, "non-ferrous hlau" nthuav tawm cov yeeb yuj kho qhov muag, yog li "Nonferrous Metals" yog txhais ua "non-ferrous hlau" .
Txij thaum ntawd los, "ferrous metals" thiab "non-ferrous metals" tau dhau los ua "Ferrous Metals" thiab "Nonferrous Metals" hauv Suav thiab tau nthuav dav hauv kev lag luam.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "non-ferrous metals" nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hlau-Non-ferrous hlau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "Da Ci Hai (Material Science Volume)" yog: "Lub npe ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hlau tshwj tsis yog hlau, chromium thiab manganese nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Lub rooj ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem faib ua plaub pawg: (1) cov hlau hnyav, suav nrog tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam .; hlau, xws li kub, nyiaj, platinum, thiab lwm yam .;
"Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj" txhais tau tias: "Tseem hu ua 'cov hlau tshiab'. Cov hlau uas tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb cov pob zeb, tau faib me me, nyuaj rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab muaj cov ntawv siv lig. Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv kev faib tawm. Cov. Raws li Suav xyaum, feem ntau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj sib faib ua ke, tsis tshua muaj cov hlau ua hlau, tsawg cov hlau hluav taws xob, cov hlau hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj peev xwm thiab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Lawv Cov ntawv thov feem ntau suav nrog kev siv tub rog siv tshuab, kev siv hauv kev lag luam, thiab kev siv ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam tertiary thiab kev siv high-tech.
"Rare radioactive metals" txhais tau hais tias: "Kuj hu ua 'radioactive rare metals'. Ib pawg ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, suav nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob ...
Raws li lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "non-ferrous hlau" nyob rau hauv "Da Ci Hai", tag nrho cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj tshwj tsis yog-metallic ntsiab thiab peb ferrous hlau "hlau, chromium thiab manganese" yog non-ferrous hlau.
Cov lus Askiv txhais ntawm "nonferrous metals" yog "Nonferrous Metals", uas kuj yog raws li cov ntsiab lus hauv "Da Ci Hai".
Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "non-ferrous metals" yuav tsum yog: lub npe ntawm tag nrho cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus, tshwj tsis yog hlau, chromium thiab manganese.
2) Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm 64 nonferrous hlau uas twb muaj lawm
Hais txog kev faib cov hom tshwj xeeb ntawm 64 cov hlau tsis-ferrous, cov lus hais dav dav thiab ntau tshaj plaws yog: xyoo 1958, kuv lub teb chaws tau faib cov hlau, chromium thiab manganese ua ferrous hlau; 64 hlau raug cais raws li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.
Raws li phau ntawv "Sixty-plaub Nonferrous Metals" luam tawm los ntawm Central South University of Technology Press hauv 1997 thiab kho los ntawm Wang Yishui, Wang Zhixiong, thiab Shen Jianzhong, 64 hom nonferrous hlau tshwj xeeb suav nrog: txhuas, magnesium, potassium, sodium. , calcium, strontium, Barium, tooj liab, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, npib tsib xee, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, kub, nyiaj, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, beryllium, lithium, rubidium, cesium titanium, zirconium, Hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, thumbium, gadolinium, ua um , ytterbium, lutetium, Scandium, yttrium, silicon, boron, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, thorium. Txoj kev faib tawm no kuj yog txoj kev faib tawm dav dav tshaj plaws rau 64 yam ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.
Xyoo 1958, kuv lub tebchaws tau xaiv lub hauv paus tshwj xeeb ntawm 64 hom nonferrous hlau, txawm tias tseem tsis tau tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, Mr. Fei Ziwen ib zaug tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Kev sib pauv cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua rau yav dhau los thiab tam sim no - Kev quaj ntsuag nyuaj siab Comrade Qiu Chunfu thiab lwm tus qub phooj ywg ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm qub": "Cov phooj ywg Qiu Chunfu ... tau ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj Pawg Thawj Coj thiab Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Chaw Ua Haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Metallurgy los ntawm 1956 txog 1969 Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm, ua tus saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tau ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm kev npaj daim ntawv tshaj tawm hu ua "Siv rau a leap nyob rau hauv non-ferrous hlau ntau lawm thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb ntawm non-ferrous hlau" qhia rau lub Party Central Committee thiab Chairman Mao: '64 hom. non-ferrous hlau ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj nws.' *** cov lus qhia: 'Kho 64 yam uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau li 64 fortresses thiab ntes lawv ib tug los ntawm ib tug.' Tom qab ntawd, Comrade Sun Hongru tau teeb tsa lub koom haum Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute thiab lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb los ua haujlwm rau peb lub teb chaws tau paub txog cov tshuab ua kom zoo ntawm 64 hom hlau tsis muaj hlau.
Mr. Zhong Shaoxi kuj tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Mao Zedong thiab Panzhihua Kev Txhim Kho thiab Kev Tsim Kho": "Lub Plaub Hlis 5, 1958, Wang Heshou tau xa tsab ntawv ceeb toom rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj cai lij choj "Sib zog rau kev nce siab hauv kev tsis- ferrous hlau ntau lawm thiab tuav tag nrho cov teb ntawm non-ferrous hlau ": Txawm hais tias kev lag luam hnyav lossis kev lag luam teeb, qhov kev thov rau ntau yam tsis-ferrous hlau yog nce. , thiab lwm yam, tsis muaj cov hlau tsis muaj hlau (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj), nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog-ferrous yuav tsum tau nce sai dua li ntawm lwm cov sectors nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib xyoo txoj kev npaj. ferrous hlau yuav loj hlob ntau tshaj peb zaug thiaj li yuav maj mam nce nrog rau theem ntawm lwm yam kev lag luam nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ... Lub Central Committee ntawm lub Communist Party ntawm Tuam Tshoj hais tias: Pom zoo rau metallurgy cov kev npaj thiab kev ntsuas rau cov non-ferrous hlau kev lag luam tawm tswv yim los ntawm Party Group ntawm Ministry of Industry ..."
Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov ntawv sau saum toj no tias kev faib tawm ntawm 64 hom hlau tsis muaj hlau hauv xyoo 1958 tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom "Siv rau kev dhia hauv cov hlau tsis-ferrous ntau lawm thiab tuav txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau tsis-ferrous".
