Qhov nruab nrab tooj liab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab ore tsuas yog 0.6%, thiab kev lag luam tooj liab ores feem ntau yog sulfide ores, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2), ua raws li chalcopyrite (Cu 2 S).[30] Cov ore yog crushed thiab concentrated los ntawm froth flotation los yog bioleaching. [30] Cov ore yog crushed thiab concentrated los ntawm froth flotation los yog bioleaching kom cov tooj liab cov ntsiab lus mus rau 10 mus rau 15 feem pua. Tom qab ntawd cov ore yog flash smelted nrog silica kom tshem tawm cov hlau li slag. Cov txheej txheem no siv qhov zoo ntawm qhov tseeb tias hlau sulfides tau yooj yim hloov dua siab tshiab rau oxides, uas tom qab ntawd hnov mob nrog silica los ua silicate slag uas ntab rau saum npoo ntawm cov kub yaj. Lub resulting tooj liab matte yog tsim los ntawm cuprous sulfide, uas yog hloov mus rau cuprous oxide los ntawm roasting:
2 Cu 2 S + 3 O 2 → 2 Cu 2 O + 2 SO 2
Tom qab cua sov ntxiv, cuprous oxide yog hloov mus rau crude tooj liab:
2 Cu 2 O → 4 Cu + O 2
Cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov sulfides rau hauv oxides, thiab cov oxides tshwm sim tom qab ntawd oxidize thiab tshem tawm cov sulfides ntxiv. Cov khoom uas tau txais yog electrolytically refined, thiab cov kub thiab platinum muaj nyob rau hauv lub anode sludge tseem yuav siv tau. Cov kauj ruam no yuav siv sij hawm kom zoo dua ntawm qhov yooj yim uas tooj liab oxides tuaj yeem txo tau rau cov hlau monomers. Cov pa roj ntsha yog thawj zaug ntawm cov tooj liab kom tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov oxides seem, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom yog electrolytically refined kom muab cov tooj liab ntshiab.
Txawm koj xav taucov kav dej tooj liab, tooj liab rods ,tooj liab daim hlau, peb muaj cov khoom thiab kev txawj ntse kom tau raws li koj xav tau.
