Kev tshawb fawb ntawm annealing thiab pickling txheej txheem technology ntawm dawb tooj liab B19 sawb, txhais nws los ntawm annealing, hlawv, txhuam, thiab lwm yam.
Dawb tooj liab yog tooj liab alloy nrog npib tsib xee ua lub ntsiab ntxiv. Copper-nickel alloy muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, thermal conductivity thiab zoo txhua yam khoom, thiab kuj muaj cov khoom kub thiab txias ua haujlwm zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj thiab muaj zog corrosion kuj, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm [1]. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, hlau alloys tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej siv tshuab. Nrog nws cov khoom zoo ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, cov tooj liab dawb tau siv ntau dua hauv kev lag luam shipbuilding, instrumentation, khoom siv kho mob, khoom siv tes ua thiab lwm yam. , nws cov khoom zoo heev tau raug sim los ntawm engineering xyaum, nws yog ib qho kev txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov, thiab nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis kam thiab thermocouple alloy.
1. Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm dawb tooj liab sawb
Cu thiab Ni tsim ib qho kev daws teeb meem tas mus li nrog cov khoom siv tsis kawg thiab lub ntsej muag-centered cubic qauv [2]. Hauv Cu-Ni alloys, thaum Ni cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj 16%, qhov tshwm sim Cu-Ni alloy yuav tshwm dawb. Qhov siab dua Ni cov ntsiab lus, cov xim dawb yuav yog. Hauv B19 tooj liab alloy,
Cov ntsiab lus Ni yog li 19% thiab nws yog xim dawb. Cov hlau feem ntau muaj Fe, Mn, Zn thiab lwm yam impurity. Vim tias cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj impurity tsawg, nws muaj qhov pib tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Table 1 qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tooj liab dawb B19.
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Cupronickel B19 cov khoom muaj kev ua haujlwm txias ua haujlwm zoo dua. Thaum lub caij txias deformation, tus nqi ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 80%. Cov txheej txheem ntws tsim ntawm cov khoom siv cupronickel B19 yog pom hauv daim duab 1.
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Dawb tooj liab B19 strips feem ntau yog annealed nyob rau hauv tswb furnaces. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswb-hom rauv muaj xws li lub rooj rauv, tshuaj tsuag txias npog, thermocouple cua sov npog, convection phaj, thiab lwm yam. [3], uas yog haum rau lub kaj annealing yuav tsum tau ntawm ntau yam tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys xws li liab tooj liab, tooj dag, thiab dawb tooj liab.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem annealing suav nrog peb txheej txheem: cua sov, kev txuag hluav taws xob tas mus li, thiab cua txias. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yog qhia hauv daim duab 2.
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Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntau lawm, thaum lub tswb-hom rauv siv rau anneal cupronickel B19, qhov kub yog feem ntau tswj ntawm 600 degree thiab 750 degree. Vim muaj cov kev txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej technology uas twb muaj lawm thiab cov teeb meem tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom, cov npoo thiab cov pob tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov txheej txheem annealing. Cov cua sov qeeb, cua kub ntau dhau los yog qhov txias txias tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub sawb tau yooj yim, cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov sawb.
2. Cov kev ntsuas rau kev txhim kho cov khoom
Hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, cov neeg siv yuav txhawj xeeb txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab B19 zoo, thaum cov khoom muag muag feem ntau xav tau HV qis dua 90, thiab cov khoom nto yuav tsum ci, tsis tsaus, thiab tsis muaj qhov kub hnyiab. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tswb kub kub thiab ua raws li tom qab kev tawm tsam, kab lus no tham txog kev daws teeb meem raws li qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum annealing nyob rau hauv lub tswb rauv, ib tug high hydrogen (75%) cua feem ntau yog siv rau kaj annealing. Los ntawm kev sim kev tshawb fawb, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm annealing kub ntawm B19 cheeb tsam HV yog qhia nyob rau hauv Table 2. Thaum lub annealing kub yog 600 degree, Vickers hardness ntawm cov khoom siab li 95, thaum lub annealing kub yog 650 degree, Vickers hardness ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau 85.
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Ntawd yog, thaum qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub tswb cua sov yog 650 degree, cov dawb tooj liab B19 sawb tuaj yeem softened thiab ncav cuag hauv qab HV90. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub ntawm lub tswb nrov ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog siab dhau, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov sawb kub hnyiab, ua rau cov xim tsaus thiab hlawv cov cim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub strip, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov neeg siv khoom. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab dawb B19 tuab, cov kev sim tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qhov chaw muaj peev xwm. Tom qab kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tswb-hom rauv ua tiav, cov txheej txheem pickling yog nqa tawm. Tom qab kev kho cua sov ntawm cov dawb tooj liab B19, ntom Ni2O thiab NiO yog tsim rau saum npoo. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj nitric acid aqueous los yog ib qho me me ntawm nitric acid (HNO3) ntxiv rau sulfuric acid aqueous tov los txhim kho cov nyhuv pickling. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:
NiO + H2SO4-NiSO4+H2O
Ni2O+2H2SO4-2NiSO4+H2O+H2
Ni+2HNO3-Ni(NO3)+H2
Cov txheej txheem pickling suav nrog cov kauj ruam txhuam. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov txheej kub hnyiab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub strip, ib lub nylon txhuam, ib tug 200-mesh 3M txhuam, ib tug 500-mesh 3M txhuam, ib tug 1000-mesh 3M txhuam, thiab ib tug 2000-mesh 3M txhuam yog siv los txhuam. Ntawm lawv, 3M txhuam cov khoom yog nylon Silk + abrasive
Al2O3, cov txheej txheem txhuam hniav yog ua kom sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis-woven rau cov menyuam ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv bakelite raj, tsim cov qauv radial uas yog xoob rau sab nraud thiab nruj rau sab hauv. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhuam txhuam ntawm cov txhuam hniav sib txawv tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 3. Kev txiav txim los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, siv ib qho 500-mesh 3M txhuam ntawm cov khoom siv pickling tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov txheej kub hnyiab ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Daim duab 3 qhia cov txiaj ntsig ua ntej thiab tom qab txhuam hniav.
Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub sawb yog ci tom qab txhuam hniav, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo.
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3. Cov lus xaus
① Cov txheej txheem annealing thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm tooj liab dawb B19 tau piav qhia thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tswb nrov tau txais los ntawm kev tsim khoom tiag tiag; ② Los ntawm kev ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas txhuam hniav, qhov teeb meem ntawm cov sawb saum npoo kub hnyiab tau raug daws, thiab qhov saum npoo yog du thiab du. Cov khoom siv nrog cov xim ci, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab tsis muaj qhov kub hnyiab.
