Kev nyab xeeb
Toxicity
Copper toxicity yog tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem. Kev mob hnyav tooj liab tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev khaws cov dej haus hauv cov thawv uas muaj tooj liab, nrog rau cov khoom siv dej tsis huv (171). Cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig rau tooj liab hauv cov dej haus tau tsim los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency (1.3 mg / liter) thiab los ntawm World Health Organization (2 mg / liter) (172). Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob toxicity xws li mob plab, xeev siab, ntuav, thiab raws plab; Cov tsos mob zoo li no pab tiv thaiv kev noj tshuaj ntxiv thiab nqus cov tooj liab. Cov tsos mob hnyav dua ntawm kev mob hnyav tooj liab muaj xws li mob siab heev, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, coma, thiab tuag.
Ntawm qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua los ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo yog qhov ua rau lub siab puas tsuaj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntev mus rau qis dua ntawm tooj liab. Feem ntau cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, koob tshuaj txhua hnub txog li 10, 000 ug (10 mg) tsis ua rau lub siab puas tsuaj. Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Khoom Noj Khoom Noj (US Food and Nutrition Board) tau teeb tsa qhov siab siab siab siab (UL) rau cov neeg laus ntawm 10 mg / hnub ntawm tooj liab los ntawm cov khoom noj thiab cov tshuaj ua ke (Table 3) (24). Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov tib neeg uas muaj kab mob caj ces cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism hauv tooj liab (xws li, Wilson kab mob, Indian thaum yau cirrhosis, thiab idiopathic tooj liab toxicosis) yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov teeb meem tsis zoo ntawm cov tooj liab toxicity ntawm cov qib qis qis. Muaj qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb tias UL ntawm 10 mg / hnub yuav siab dhau. Piv txwv li, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv cov txiv neej laus uas tau noj 7.8 mg / hnub ntawm tooj liab rau 147 hnub tau pom tias lawv thauj cov tooj liab ntau dhau lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab qee qhov ntsuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant qhia tias cov haujlwm no cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj ntau ntawm tooj (173, 174). Txawm li cas los xij, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis tau tshaj tawm txog qhov tsis zoo rau cov tib neeg ntxiv nrog 8 mg / hnub ntawm tooj liab rau rau lub hlis (150).
| Life Stage (hnub nyoog range) | UL (ug / hnub) |
|---|---|
| Me nyuam mos (0-12 hli)* | Tsis tau tsim |
| Cov menyuam yaus (1-3 xyoo) | 1,000 |
| Cov menyuam yaus (4-8 xyoo) | 3,000 |
| Cov menyuam yaus (9-13 xyoo) | 5,000 |
| Cov tub ntxhais hluas (14-18 xyoo) | 8,000 |
| Cov neeg laus (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 19 xyoo) | 10,000 |
| * Qhov chaw ntawm kev noj haus yuav tsum yog los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab mis nyuj xwb. | |
Cov tshuaj sib cuam tshuam
Tsawg tsawg yog paub txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tooj liab nrog tshuaj. Penicillamine yog siv los khi tooj liab thiab txhim kho nws txoj kev tshem tawm ntawm Wilson tus kab mob, ib qho kab mob caj ces ua rau lub siab tooj liab ntau dhau. Vim hais tias penicillamine ua rau kom cov zis tso zis ntau ntxiv ntawm tooj liab, cov tib neeg noj cov tshuaj yog vim li cas tsis yog tooj liab overload yuav muaj kev noj haus ntau ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, antacids tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev nqus ntawm tooj liab thaum siv ntau heev (2). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ethambutol tuaj yeem chelate tooj liab hauv mitochondria thiab txo cytochrome c oxidase kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov paj hlwb axons, tej zaum yuav ua rau optic neuropathy uas yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tshuaj no (175).
Linus Pauling lub koom haum pom zoo
RDA rau tooj liab (900 ug / hnub rau cov neeg laus) txaus los tiv thaiv qhov tsis txaus, tab sis qhov tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tooj liab hauv tib neeg ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm kev noj tooj liab feem ntau yuav txhawb kev noj qab haus huv zoo lossis tiv thaiv kab mob ntev. . Kev noj zaub mov txawv yuav tsum muaj tooj liab txaus rau cov neeg feem coob. Rau cov neeg uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb tias lawv cov khoom noj tsis tuaj yeem muab cov tooj liab txaus, cov tshuaj multivitamin/mineral ntxiv feem ntau yuav muab tsawg kawg yog RDA rau tooj liab.
Older adults (>50 xyoo)
Vim tias kev laus tsis tau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tooj liab, peb qhov kev pom zoo rau cov neeg laus yog tib yam li cov neeg laus 50 thiab yau (176).
