Cov khoom qub tshaj plaws: tooj liab
Copper (Cuprum) yog cov khoom siv hlau, cov cim tshuaj Cu, Askiv tooj liab, atomic tooj 29, txheeb ze atomic mass 63.546. Common valence states of tooj yog +1 thiab +2.
Tooj liab tuaj yeem siv tau ntau zaus yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau ntxov tshaj plaws uas tau pom thiab siv los ntawm tib neeg. Nws tau nrog peb nyob ntev heev uas nws tau txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no.
Lub cev muaj zog:
Ntshiab tooj liab yog hlau mos. Qhov saum npoo yog xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv nrog cov xim hlau zoo nkauj thaum nws tsuas yog txiav, thiab cov khoom ib leeg yog ntshav-liab. Lub melting point ntawm tooj liab yog hais txog 1083.4 degree, thiab lub boiling point yog hais txog 2567 degree. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tswj kev ruaj ntseg hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov ceev yog li 8.92 ~ 8.96 g / cubic centimeter, uas yog ib qho hnyav hlau. Nws muaj hluav taws xob conductivity siab, thib ob tsuas yog nyiaj. Nws muaj thermal conductivity zoo, thib peb tsuas yog nyiaj thiab kub. Nws muaj qhov zoo ductility thiab tuaj yeem ncab mus rau hauv cov ntawv nyias nyias lossis filaments yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau weld thiab muaj antimagnetic thiab antibacterial zog.
Chemical Properties:
Tooj liab yog cov hlau hnyav uas tsis muaj zog heev. Nws tsis hnov mob nrog oxygen hauv huab cua qhuav ntawm chav tsev kub. Thaum rhuab, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov tooj liab oxide dub. Yog tias nws tseem kub hnyiab heev, nws yuav tsim Cu2O liab. Tom qab muab tso rau hauv cov huab cua ntub ntev ntev, ib txheej ntawm verdigris (basic tooj liab carbonate) yuav maj mam tsim rau saum npoo ntawm tooj liab. Verdigris tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev xeb ntxiv ntawm cov hlau, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hlau nrog tooj liab sulfate tuaj yeem hloov tau tooj liab. Tooj liab yog insoluble hauv non-oxidizing acids. Tooj liab tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj chlorine nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Tooj liab thiab sulfur ncaj qha cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov cua kub kom tsim cuprous sulfide (Cu2S). Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, cov tshuaj FeCl3 feem ntau yog siv los ua cov tooj liab los ua cov ntawv luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm cov hlau ua si, tooj liab pab pawg neeg cov ntsiab lus yog tag nrho tom qab hydrogen, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov hydrogen hauv dilute acid. Tab sis thaum muaj huab cua, tooj liab tuaj yeem ua ntej oxidized rau tooj liab oxide, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub thiab maj mam yaj hauv cov kua qaub diluted. Tooj liab yuav oxidized thiab yaj los ntawm oxidizing acids xws li nitric acid thiab concentrated sulfuric acid (xws li cua sov yuav tsum tau). Tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tus catalyst rau qee qhov kev cuam tshuam cov organic, xws li catalytic oxidation ntawm cawv.
Copper compounds:
Copper (I) feem ntau hu ua cuprous. Cuprous chloride (CuCl), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), thiab cuprous sulfide (Cu2S) yog tag nrho cov monovalent tooj liab compounds. [Cu(NH3)2] 2- yog ib tug complex ion ntawm cuprous thiab ammonia. Nws yog xim tsis muaj xim thiab yooj yim oxidized. Nws tus kheej-disproportionates nyob rau hauv acidic daws los ua Cu(II) thiab Cu.
Tooj liab (II) yog lub xeev valence feem ntau ntawm tooj liab. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev nrog ntau cov anions, xws li tooj liab sulfate, uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv dawb dawb thiab xiav pentahydrate. Basic tooj liab carbonate, tseem hu ua tooj liab ntsuab, muaj ob peb daim ntawv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tooj chloride thiab tooj liab nitrate kuj tseem ceeb tooj liab ntsev.
Copper (II) tuaj yeem tsim cov ions nyuaj, xws li Cu (H2O) 4 (xiav), CuCl4 (daj-ntsuab), Cu (NH3) 4 (xiav xiav), thiab lwm yam, thiab lawv cov xim kuj txawv.
Cov khoom siv tooj liab
Copper sulfate (CuSO4), tooj liab acetate ((CH3COO) 2Cu), tooj liab oxide (CuO) thiab cuprous oxide (Cu2O), tooj liab chloride (CuCl2) thiab cuprous chloride (CuCl), tooj liab nitrate (Cu (NO3)2), tooj liab cyanide (Cu (CN) 2), fatty acid tooj liab, tooj liab naphthenate (C22H14CuO4), thiab lwm yam.
