Hom thiab yam ntxwv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys
Tooj liab yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub, muaj ntau hom. Nws cov tswv yim keeb kwm muaj keeb kwm ntev, tau pom nyob rau hauv Egyptian qhov ntxa thaum ntxov li 400 BC, ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv paub uas tau siv ntev hauv cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb. Cov hom thiab cov khoom ntawm ntau cov tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev siv tswv yim yog incomparable rau cov thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, tab sis cov yam ntxwv ntawm tooj liab tsis tau hloov ntau. Muaj cov khoom uas hlau tsis muaj uas ua rau tooj liab xws li cov khoom siv tau zoo.
Cov khoom ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys
Copper cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws yog nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab thermal conductivity. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm tooj liab hlau, cov khoom siv no muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws thiab thermal conductivity tom qab nyiaj thiab yog siv rau hauv ntau qhov hluav taws xob, lub cev muaj zog, thaiv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Nws tau hais tias ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj vim li cas tooj liab tau siv dav txij li lub sijhawm qub yog tias nws yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib tug neeg sawv cev hlau nrog zoo heev ductility thiab yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev ua yas xws li dov thiab extrusion. Tooj liab kuj muaj qhov zoo nkauj tiav nto thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim, uas yog ib feem ntawm vim li cas peb pom nws nyob txhua qhov chaw.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj kev ua tau zoo heev kub forging thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua cov khoom lag luam. Nws kuj muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav zoo heev thiab siv tooj liab alloys uas muaj zog qaug zog xws li beryllium tooj liab thiab phosphor bronze. Tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv hlau, nws cov qauv yuav tsis raug rhuav tshem txawm tias qhov kub tsis tshua muaj siab, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo heev uas tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias. Nws kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, thiab vim tias nws yog cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig, nws tau hais tias tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm kev sib cuag.
Feem ntau hais lus, lawv cov kev siv kub yog qis dua 200 degree, thiab txawm tias muaj kev kub ntxhov, qhov siab tshaj plaws siv kub yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 250 degree txog 300 degree. Muaj qee cov tooj liab alloys, xws li tooj liab dawb, uas tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 400 degree. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tsis ua nkig ntawm qhov kub qis heev thiab tuaj yeem siv tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem.
Txhua yam khoom siv tooj liab
Los ntawm hom, tooj liab muaj xws li tooj liab ntshiab, tooj dag, bronze, cupronickel, npib tsib xee nyiaj, cupronickel thiab beryllium tooj liab. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tooj liab ntshiab, nws yog tooj liab alloy uas muaj tooj liab thiab zinc, txhuas, tin, aluminium, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam. ib leeg lossis ua ke.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob hom tooj liab nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom: cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab cov khoom cam khwb cia. Qhov tseeb, ze li ntawm 90% ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv tooj liab. Brass kuj yog cov khoom siv feem ntau ntawm cov tooj liab alloys, thiab cov tooj liab ntshiab thiab tooj dag tau hais tias suav nrog feem ntau ntawm cov kev thov tooj liab.
tooj liab cim
Lub cim sawv cev rau cov khoom siv tooj liab (tooj liab elongation) kuj sib xws rau cov kev faib tawm no. Tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys xws li C1020 (tsis muaj oxygen tooj liab) yog sawv cev los ntawm tsab ntawv C thiab tus lej plaub tus lej hauv JIS tus qauv. Lub 1000 series ntawm C1 yog tooj liab ntshiab los yog ib qho hlau uas muaj cov tooj liab ntau, thiab yog ib pawg uas kuj suav nrog C17 beryllium tooj liab thiab C19 titanium tooj liab. 2000 series xws li C2801, C2700, thiab lwm yam yog tooj liab-zinc Cu-Zn tooj liab alloys xws li tooj dag thiab liab bronze, thiab 3000 series xws li C3604 yog dawb-txiav tooj dag, nrog Pb ntxiv los txhim kho cov txheej txheem. 4000 series yog Cu-Zn-based navy tooj dag nrog Sn (tin) ntxiv, C5000 series yog phosphor bronze (Cu-Sn-P alloy), uas C5191 yog ib qho piv txwv, thiab 6000 series xws li C6161 thiab C6191. yog aluminium bronze, siv rau cov twj paj nruag li qub Brass, tooj dag siab zog, C7351 thiab lwm yam 7000 series muaj nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj npib tsib xee thiab dawb tooj liab (tooj liab-nickel alloy). Peb yuav piav qhia luv luv txog cov khoom ntawm txhua tus tooj liab alloy ntawm nws nplooj ntawv.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm tooj liab
Melting point: txog 1084 degree
Boiling point: txog 2360 degree
Cov cua kub tshwj xeeb (20 degree) 385J / kg· degree
Qhov ceev 8.96g / cm3 (20 degree)
Ntev ntev elastic modulus (Young's modulus) 117.7kN / mm2
Thermal expansion coefficient (20-100 degree) 16.8x10-6/degree
Conductivity 100% IACS
Resistivity (20 degree) 1.7241μΩ·cm
Kub coefficient ntawm tsis kam (20 degree) 0.00397 / degree
Sib nqus susceptibility -0.080x10 ^-6 cgs unit/gram
