Hom thiab faib ntawm tooj liab mines
Raws li nws cov geological thiab industrial hom, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
(1) hom porphyry, (2) sandstone shale hom, (3) tooj liab-nickel sulfide hom, (4) pyrite hom
(5) hom tooj liab-uranium-kub, (6) hom tooj liab, (7) hom leeg (8) hom carbonatite, (9) hom skarn
Porphyry hom: Porphyry tooj liab ore yog tooj liab deposits nrog loj reserves thiab qib qis uas yuav tsum tau mined los ntawm loj-scale mechanized qhib-qhov mining. Cov ore reserves feem ntau ncav cuag ntau pua lab tons, thiab qib tooj liab feem ntau tsawg dua 1%. Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm 103 porphyry deposits nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, qhov nruab nrab ore ntim ntawm ib tug deposit yuav ncav cuag 550 lab tons, nrog ib tug tooj liab qib ntawm 0.6%. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab mining kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb.
Kev faib tawm: Paub porphyry tooj liab deposits feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv: (1) Pacific Rim, nrog rau sab qab teb. Txoj kab nqaim porphyry tooj liab ntawm cov npoo ntawm North American sab av loj, xws li Lonex thiab Valikopa hauv Canada, Bingham, Butte, Morency, Erie, Santa Rita hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Cananea, La Caridadela hauv Mexico, Cerro Colorado hauv Panama, Michiquile , Cerro Verde hauv Peru, El Abra, Chuquicamata, La Escondida, El Salvador thiab El Terente hauv Chile, thiab lwm yam (2) Tethys porphyry tooj liab siv, suav nrog Rexkesko hauv Hungary, Medanpek hauv Yugoslavia, Sarcesmehe hauv Iran thiab Chagai cheeb tsam hauv Majidistan. (3) Central Asia-Mongolia, cov deposits tseem ceeb suav nrog Karmakl nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Uzbekistan, Kounrad sab qaum teb ntawm Lake Balkhash hauv Kazakhstan, Tsagan Suburga sab qab teb ntawm Erdetujan Obo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb Mongolia thiab Alenor deposit nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.
Sandstone-shale hom: Sandstone-shale tooj liab ore hais txog strata-bound tooj liab ore hauv cov pob zeb sedimentary ntawm cov hnub nyoog sib txawv. Cov ore deposit yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm sedimentary pob zeb los yog sedimentary metamorphic pob zeb. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab ore hauv ntiaj teb, suav txog li 30% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tooj liab reserves. Cov ore deposit yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov nplai loj, qib siab, thiab cov nplua nuj txuam nrog, yog li nws cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam loj heev.
Kev faib tawm: Hom ore deposit yog dav faib nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Ntxiv rau txoj siv tooj liab uas tau hais los saum toj no, kuj tseem muaj cov qub Soviet Union Udokan thiab Zhezkazgan tooj liab mines, Tebchaws Asmeskas Dawb Pan, Txoj Siv Tau Siv Tooj Siv txuas ntxiv los ntawm sab hnub poob Montana mus rau sab hnub poob Canada, thiab Codo Copper Belt hauv Bolivia. Qhov loj loj Aynak tooj liab mine nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Afghanistan nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no thiab Salobo tooj liab mine nrhiav nyob rau hauv Brazil yog ob qho tib si ntawm no hom.
Pyrite tooj liab ore: Pyrite tooj liab ore yog hais txog ib qho kev tso nyiaj uas muaj ntau ntawm pyrite thiab ib co tooj liab, txhuas thiab zinc uas muaj feem xyuam rau submarine volcanic kev ua si. Hom kev tso nyiaj no feem ntau hu ua "loj sulfide deposit" nyob rau sab hnub poob. Tam sim no, tsawg kawg 420 deposits ntawm hom no tau pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Canada, Tebchaws Asmeskas, yav dhau los Soviet Union, Spain, Portugal, Cyprus, South Africa thiab Nyiv yog txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev tso nyiaj no.
Loj sulfide ore: Qhov kev tso nyiaj niaj hnub no tau pom thawj zaug ntawm East Pacific Ridge nyob ze 21 degrees sab qaum teb latitude xyoo 1978. Txawm hais tias cov tooj liab thiab zinc qib siab heev (6% tooj liab, 29% zinc), polymetallic loj sulfide deposit nrog ib tug ntev. ntawm 970 meters, qhov dav ntawm 200 meters, qhov siab ntawm 35 meters, thiab ib tug 25 lab tons ntawm ore ntim tau pom nyob rau hauv lub ridge. Thawj thawj zaug, nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev lag luam tso nyiaj. Cov ore muaj txog li 11% tooj liab, 0.8% zinc, thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov nyiaj (PPM), molybdenum (0.03%) thiab tin (0.03%).
Kev faib tawm: Xyoo 1982, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tshawb xyuas ntxiv hauv thaj chaw hiav txwv ntawm 13 degrees sab qaum teb latitude thiab nrhiav tau ntau qhov kev tso nyiaj ntxiv, feem ntau tsis ntev los no hauv Exprouller Ridge ze Vancouver Island, Canada. Hom kev tso nyiaj no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv yav dhau los Soviet Union, suav txog 30.6% ntawm nws cov tooj liab tag nrho. Cov deposits tseem ceeb ntawm hom no suav nrog: Sudbury, Thompson, thiab Linlake hauv Canada. Duluth Complex hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Bechenga, Norilsk, thiab Talnakh hauv qub Soviet Union, "Lub Kaum Hli", Kambald Complex hauv Australia, thiab Godarach Belt hauv Finland. Tau kawg, tseem muaj super-loj Baijiazui hauv Jinchuan, kuv lub tebchaws.
Lwm hom: Ntxiv rau cov hom saum toj no, muaj hom kab mob, hom tooj liab, hom carbonate, hom skarn, thiab lwm yam, uas ua ke suav txog tsuas yog 3.6% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov tooj liab reserves, tab sis rau ntau lub teb chaws, cov hom no yuav ua qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, hom skarn yog hom kev lag luam tseem ceeb heev rau kuv lub teb chaws, suav txog 28% ntawm kuv lub teb chaws tag nrho cov tooj liab reserves. Yog li ntawd, txhua lub teb chaws yuav tsum nrhiav cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws raws li lawv qhov chaw geological tshwj xeeb, uas yog, qib siab, loj-scale, tsim qauv, thiab pom tseeb ore siv ciam teb. Cov ore yog ib qho yooj yim los lis thiab muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov khoom lag luam kom ntseeg tau cov txiaj ntsig siab thiab kev tsim khoom mus ntev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog qib siab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xws li qib siab tooj liab deposits yuav yog volcanic pyrite tooj liab deposits, txheej deposits, thiab ib co skarn deposits.
Daim ntawv thov
