Cov pas nrig tooj liab ntshiab yog qhov pib rau ntau lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Copper ore yog refined thiab ces electro{1}}refined kom tshem tawm impurities, tom qab uas cov hlau yog nruam nruam thiab kub dov rau hauv coils los yog ncaj lengths nrog ib tug tooj liab ntsiab lus saum toj no 99.90%. Qhov purity ntawd yog dab tsi ua kom hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov khoom muag.
Conductivity Uas Teeb Kev Lag Luam Benchmark
High -conductivity tooj liab yog siv rau lwm yam conductor hlau raug txiav txim. Annealed electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) tooj liab yog nyob ntawm 100% IACS, sib npaug rau qhov ntim ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm roughly 1.72 x 10-8ohm·m ntawm 20 degree, thiab thermal conductivity ze rau 398 W / (m·K). Oxygen- cov qhab nia pub dawb thawb daim duab siab dua me ntsis, nyob ib ncig ntawm 101% IACS.
Hluav taws xob conductivity: 100% IACS raug (58 MS / m); txog 101% IACS rau cov pa oxygen- qib dawb
Thermal conductivity: kwv yees li 398 W / (m·K) ntawm 20 degree
Qhov ceev: 8.96 g / cm33; melting point: 1083 degree
Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab: 99.90% yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau ETP pas nrig, 99.99% rau oxygen - qib hluav taws xob dawb
Hom pas nrig diameters: 8 mm, 12.5 mm, 16 mm thiab 20 mm, nkag rau hauv coils lossis ncaj tuav
Cov khoom ib txwm raug txiav txim tawm tsam ASTM B49 rau tooj liab pas nrig rau hluav taws xob lub hom phiaj, ASTM B187 / B187M rau tooj liab bar thiab pas nrig, EN 13601 rau tooj liab pas nrig, bar thiab hlau rau kev siv hluav taws xob, lossis GB / T 3952 rau tooj liab hlau pas nrig. Impurity txwv tsis pub muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cov ntsiab lus tooj liab: txawm tias ob peb puas ntawm ib feem pua ntawm phosphorus, arsenic lossis sulfur tuaj yeem txiav cov conductivity pom tau, yog li tus neeg xyuas pib-qib pas nrig tau teev nrog nruj txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Kev siv hluav taws xob
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov pas nrig tooj liab zoo li tus neeg xyuas pib. Vim tias cov khoom siv tam sim no nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj zog, nws tshwm sim hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub cev muaj zog windings, busbars, fais fab cables, switchgear, transformers thiab faib khoom. Txawm hais tias cov khoom kawg yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, ib qho kev lag luam switchboard los yog ib daim phiaj substation, pas nrig uas tau kos rau hauv cov hlau los yog extruded rau hauv bar ua kom tsis txhob kis mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus.
Oxygen- cov qib pub dawb yog qhov zoo dua qhov uas tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum tau khoov, khoov lossis welded tom qab kos duab, vim tias cov pa oxygen yaj tuaj yeem ua rau gassing thiab porosity thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub -. Qhov twg cov khoom tiav yuav tsum tiv taus softening ntawm qhov kub siab, nyiaj -cov kabmob tooj liab yog qee zaum hloov, tab sis dav dav - lub hom phiaj kev ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm ETP thiab oxygen- pas nrig.
Thermal Management Applications
Copper lub thermal conductivity yog thib ob tsuas yog nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity hauv kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Ntshiab tooj liab pas nrig yog machined rau hauv tshav kub-exchanger tubesheets thiab fins, radiator Cheebtsam, txias daim hlau, induction coils thiab txias-system fittings, uas ceev ceev cua sov dissipation tswj cov khoom siv lub neej.
Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers thiab condensers rau lub hwj chim thiab txheej txheem cov nroj tsuag
Radiators, daim hlau txias thiab cov kua -txias blocks rau industrial electronics
Induction cua sov coils thiab kuj- vuam electrodes
Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag-plate absorber phaj thiab hnub ci thermal collectors
Formability thiab Fabrication
Ntshiab tooj liab yog mos, ductile thiab mas malleable, yog li tus pas nrig tuaj yeem rub mus rau cov hlau zoo, extruded rau profile, khoov, swaged los yog soldered nrog cov cuab yeej siv. Cov ntu tuaj yeem ncaj nraim, txiav thiab nplawm, thiab cov hlau ua haujlwm- ua kom tawv tawv, tso cai rau lub zog ua lag luam tawm tsam ductility los ntawm kev tswj kom txo qis thiab kev sib txhuam. Qhov no versatility yog vim li cas tooj liab pas nrig pub txhua yam ntawm hluav taws xob connectors thiab lub cev muaj zog commutators rau kav dej fittings thiab architectural ntsiab.
Rau kev tsim khoom, kev coj ua yog ua haujlwm kub lossis kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov txo qis, ua kom cov cuab yeej txiav ntse thiab tsis muaj sulfur-raws li lubricants, thiab rau anneal tom qab hnyav dabtsi yog khoov qhov twg qhov yuav tsum nqa tam sim no tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau.
Tooj nyob rau hauv Renewable Energy thiab Mobility
Kev thov rau cov pas nrig tooj liab tau loj hlob nrog kev hloov mus rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Hnub ci photovoltaic arrays, cua- turbine generators, roj teeb pob thiab hluav taws xob- tsheb traction motors thiab them cov khoom siv tag nrho cia siab rau tooj liab rau kev hloov pauv tau zoo, kis tau tus mob thiab khaws cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob ib leeg- ntsuas cua turbine thiab ib lub tsheb hluav taws xob ib leeg txhua tus siv tooj liab ntau, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev thauj mus los ua rau ntau qhov kev xav tau ntxiv.
Vim tias cov ntawv thov no ntev ntev - lub neej khoom muaj nqis, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab impurity specification ntawm lub hauv paus pas nrig yog kho nyob rau theem tsim es tsis yog hloov tom qab, uas ua rau cov pas nrig zoo ib yam khoom siv - cov saw tseem ceeb.
Recycling thiab lub luag haujlwm Sourcing
Tooj liab yog tag nrho recyclable yam tsis poob ntawm cov khoom, thiab lwm yam tooj liab twb muab ib tug loj feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no noj. Recycling txo qis lub zog thiab emissions cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim khoom thiab txo qhov siab ntawm cov mining thawj. Rau cov chaw tsim khoom, cov kauj ruam ua tau zoo yog cais cov txheej txheem huv si los ntawm qib, tswj kev sib kis los ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov alloys, thiab qhia cov ntsiab lus rov ua dua qhov twg qhov kawg tso cai rau nws. Sib npaug kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi thiab ib puag ncig lub luag haujlwm hauv txoj kev no ua rau cov pas nrig tooj liab yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov rau kev lag luam.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab dab tsi yuav tsum yog tus neeg xyuas pib-qib pas nrig?
ETP pas nrig feem ntau teev ntawm 99.90% tooj liab yam tsawg kawg nkaus; oxygen- qib dawb yog 99.95% lossis siab dua, nrog oxygen- qib hluav taws xob pub dawb ncav cuag 99.99%.
Q: Vim li cas cov pa oxygen -dawb tooj liab nyiam dua rau qee cov conductors?
Cov pa oxygen yaj tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog hydrogen thaum lub sij hawm annealing thiab brazing, ua rau lub qhov porosity thiab brittleness, yog li cov pa oxygen - cov qib dawb raug xaiv qhov twg qhov yuav raug kho cua sov los yog hermetically kaw.
Q: phosphorus cuam tshuam li cas conductivity?
Phosphorus yog ib tug muaj zog conductivity killer txawm nyob rau theem qis heev, uas yog vim li cas deoxidised siab -phosphorus tooj liab yog siv rau cov kav dej thiab tsis yog rau tam sim no - nqa conductors.
Q: Cov qauv twg siv rau cov pas nrig tooj liab?
ASTM B49 thiab ASTM B187/B187M, EN 13601 thiab GB/T 3952 yog cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm siv rau hluav taws xob- lub hom phiaj pas nrig, bar thiab hlau.
Q: Cov pas nrig tooj liab puas tuaj yeem welded lossis brazed?
Vuam yog ua tau tab sis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas vim muaj thermal conductivity; brazing thiab soldering nrog cov khoom siv hlau uas tsim nyog muaj ntau dua rau cov pob qij txha hauv cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej.
Q: Cov pas nrig tooj liab muab tau li cas?
Feem ntau raws li kev txuas txuas ntxiv ntawm 8 hli mus rau 20 hli txoj kab uas hla rau cov hlau kos duab, lossis raws li cov kab ncaj nraim thiab cov profiles rau machining thiab busbar ntau lawm.
