Kev kho cua sov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau muaj suav nrog normalizing, annealing, temaleing, temaleing thiab quenching. Ntawm lawv, annealing thiab nonizing yog siv rau kev kho kom sov, thiab tsuas yog siv los ua qhov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm quenching yog kom tau martensic lub koom haum, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau. Tempering yog los txo lossis tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab quenching, los tiv thaiv deformation lossis tawg, thaum tau txais cov neeg kho tshuab uas xav tau.
I. Quenching
1. Dab tsi yog hu ua quenching: steel quenching yog tus hlau kub ua kom lub sijhawm txias, yog li ntawd txhua lub sijhawm txias, yog li ib feem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias dua li ntawm cov cua sov) rau qhov kub thiab txias) Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov. Feem ntau kuj tau txhuas alloys, tooj liab alloys, titanium alloys kev kho lossis lwm yam kev kho cua sov nrog kev kho cua sov nrog cov txheej txheem txias txias hu ua quenching.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm quenching: txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuab ntawm cov khoom hlau lossis cov khoom. Piv txwv li: txhawm rau txhim kho lub hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov cuab yeej, bearings, thiab lwm yam. Los txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuab hluav taws xob tag nrho ntawm cov khoom seem. Txhim kho cov khoom siv lossis tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qee cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, txhim kho cov corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau stainless, nce mus tas li hlauetism ntawm cov hlau nplaum steel.
Quenching thiab cua txias, ntxiv rau kev xaiv tsim nyog ntawm kev txiav txim siab, feem ntau siv quenching txoj kev, yog gradedmal quenching, hauv zos quenching thiab lwm yam.
3. Hlau workpiece tom qab quenching muaj cov yam ntxwv: ① tau martensite, bainite, seem ntawm Austenite thiab lwm yam tsis ruaj khov (piv txwv li, tsis khov) lub koom haum. ② Lub hav zoov ntawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv kev ntxhov siab loj. ③ cov khoom siv mechanies tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog li ntawd, hlau ua haujlwm quenching feem ntau tom qab temperinging
Thib ob, Tempering
1. Dab tsi yog hu ua tempering: yog cov khoom siv cov khoom siv ua kom sov, thiab yog li qhov kev ua haujlwm kawg ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov txheej txheem ua ke ua ke hu ua kev kho mob zaum kawg.
2. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm quenching thiab tempering yog: txhawm rau txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab brittleness, xws li qhov tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau zaus tsim kev tawm tsam lossis txawm tawg.
Kho cov cuab yeej siv cov tshuab ntawm cov workpiece, workpriece quenching, siab tawv, kom haum rau cov haujlwm sib txawv, tawv ncauj, lub zog, muaj zog, muaj zog, muaj zog.
Ruaj khov qhov loj me ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Los ntawm qhov tempering tuaj yeem ua rau cov koom haum metallurgical zoo li ua kom ruaj khov, txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj deformation hauv yav tom ntej.
Txhim kho cov kev txiav kev ua tau ntawm qee cov hlau alloy.
3. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Tempering yog rau: ① txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub koom haum tsis muaj nyob hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev hloov pauv, yog li ntawd cov hauj lwm geometry thiab kev ua haujlwm kom muaj kev ruaj khov.
Tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm workpiece thiab ruaj khov rau geometry ntawm lub workpiece.
‡ Hloov kho cov cuab yeej siv cov hlau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv.
Tempering muaj cov teebmeem no, vim tias thaum lub sijhawm kub, cov khoom siv roj ntsha ua tau yooj yim los txhim kho cov koom haum atoms tuaj yeem hloov kho mus rau cov koom haum ruaj khov. Kev tshem tawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev txo cov hlau kom muaj zog ntawm cov kub. Feem ntau thaum hlau yog tempered, hardness thiab muaj zog txo thiab lub zog ntxiv. Qhov siab dua qhov tempering kub, qhov ntau dua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv neeg kho mob. Qee cov alloy steel nrog high alloy keeb ntsiab lus, thaum tempered qee qhov ntau ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke, yog li ntawd lub zog thiab nyuaj sawv. Qhov kev tshwm sim no hu ua kev ua kom tawv ncauj ntxiv.
Yuav ua tempering: workpieces rau cov hom phiaj sib txawv yuav tsum tau sov siab rau qhov kub kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
① Tej cov cuab yeej, bearing, carburized quenched ntu, nto quenched ntu yog feem ntau tempered ntawm tsawg dua 00 degree. Tsawg-kub tempering tom qab lub hardness tsis hloov ntau, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog txo, qhov nyuaj yog kev txhim kho me ntsis.
Springs Templas Temed ntawm 350-500 degree hauv qab nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab, tuaj yeem tau txais ntau dua elasticity thiab tsim nyog nruj.
③ Cov Qauv Ib Nruab Nrab Cov Hlau Feem Ntau Feem ntau (600 Qib Rau Cov Kev Ntsuas Lub Zog Tsim Nyog Thiab Toughning Ntawm Qhov Zoo Sib Tw.
Hlau feem ntau ua ntau cov nkig thaum npau taws ntawm kwv yees li 300 degree, ib qho tshwm sim hu ua ntaus kuv tempering embrittlement. Feem ntau yuav tsum tsis txhob npau taws rau qhov ntsuas kub no. Qee cov roj carbon alloy qauv hlau txheej kub ntawm kev kub siab, yog tias maj mam txias mus rau chav sov, tab sis kuj yooj yim los ua nkig. Qhov tshwm sim no yog hom II Tem Siab embritts. Qhov kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau, lossis txias rau hauv cov roj lossis dej thaum lub sijhawm tempering, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hom II Tem chim siab. Qhov thib ob ntawm temper brittleness ntawm cov hlau ua kom rov qab ua kom sov rau qhov pib kub, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov brittleness no. Hauv kev tsim khoom, feem ntau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom workpiece. Raws li cov cua sov sib txawv, qhov ntsuas tau muab faib ua qhov hluav taws kub tsis tau, nruab nrab kub, thiab kub-kub tempering. Quenching thiab tom qab qhov ntsuas kub siab ua ke ua ke ua ke kev kho cua sov, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub zog siab ntawm tib lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj zoo yas nruj.
(1) Kev kub hnyav: {{{{{2} degree, rov qab los ntawm cov yas sib cav, txhim kho kev nyuaj thiab hnav tsis kam. Siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov gauges, tej cuab yeej thiab dov bearings.
(2) Nruab nrab kub npau taws: {{{350-500 degree, nrog siab elasticity, muaj qee yam ntawm cov yas thiab hardness. Siv rau kev ua cov dej txhawv, forging moulds, thiab lwm yam.
3 Kev kub siab ntsuas kub: {{{{}} degree, s rov qab, nrog zoo tag nrho cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab. Rau zus tau tej lub zog, crankshafts, thiab lwm yam.
Thib peb, normalizing
1. Dab tsi yog qhov ua tau zoo li no: yog ib qho kev kho cua sov los txhim kho cov tawv nqaij tawv. Cov khoom siv hlau yog rhuab rau AC3 Kub Dua 30 ~ 50 degree, tom qab tuav ib lub sijhawm tawm ntawm cov huab cua txias. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog tias tus nqi cua txias dua li kev ua kom nrawm dua, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua kom nrawm dua, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv tawv me me (¢ Qee qhov qis alloy Kub Kub Rolled steel phaj, tsawg alloy alloy alloy cov khoom siv tshuab ua tau zoo, tab sis kuj txhim kho kev txiav ua haujlwm.
2. Lub hom phiaj thiab siv ntawm normalizing: ① utectic steel, ib txwm ua rau tshem tawm cov koom haum sib xyaw ua ke, Weli lub koom haum, cov khoom siv rolled hauv cov koom haum banded; Refinement ntawm cov nplej; thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua kev puas tsuaj ua ntej kev kho ua ntej sov.
② ② euteric steel, ib txwm muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov neeg network ntawm lub carburization thib ob, tsis yog los txhim kho cov kws kho tshuab, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov kev sib tw tom qab.
③ Tsawg Cov Tshuaj Txhiab-kos cov nyias nyias steel phaj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov carburization dawb ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib sib zog nqus.
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg tsawg thiab cov roj av qis dua cov hlau, kom tsis txhob muaj rab phom loj, koj tuaj yeem tau txais txoj kev sib tw zoo tshaj plaws, kom tsis txhob txiav riam phom ", txhim kho kev txiav cov txheej txheem. Rau nruab nrab carbon hlau, hauv ob qho tib si normizing thiab annealing sijhawm, nrog rau ib txwm muaj yig dua thiab yooj yim.
⑤ Rau cov qauv siv carbon ua kom haum rau hauv cov hlau tshuab, feem ntau yuav siv tau yooj yim, tsuas yog ua kom lub koom haum ntawm cov hlau thiab seem ruaj khov.
⑥ High High-temperature temperature temperature normal normal normal normal normal normal ((normal normal normal normal normal normal normal normal normal normal normal normal (AC3 saum toj no 150 sab saud High-tempendment tom qab cov coarse nplej tuaj yeem ua kom zoo tau los ntawm kev ua kom qis dua qhov kub thib ob qis dua.
(VII) Rau qee qhov ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab roj butter hauv cov roj av qis thiab nruab nrab, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev kub siab kom tau txais cov kev kub ntxhov, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais cov kev kub siab kom tau txais cov kev kub siab kom tau txais cov kev kub siab, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais cov kev kub siab, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub ntxhov, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais kev kub siab kom tau txais cov kev kub siab, thiab tom qab ntawd siv rau 400 ~ 550 degree tau zoo creep resistance.
Ib qho ntxiv rau cov steel seem thiab cov hlau, ib txwm muaj dav siv nyob rau hauv lub zas taws cua sov, kom nws tau txais lub zog ntawm cov hlau caj.
Vim tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua kom cua txias, thiab yog li thaj av huab cua kub, stacking hom, airpiet loj rau ntawm lub koom haum thiab cov khoom tom qab ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam. Lub koom haum ib txwm muaj tseem siv tau ua ib txoj kev faib rau cov hlau Alloy. Feem ntau raws li txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2500 degree, cov hlau loj sib cais, cov hlau sib tsoo ua ke, cov hlau sib tsoo tau muab faib ua cov hlau Pearlite, cov hlau martensitic thiab cov hlau antenitic.
Plaub, annealing
1. Dab tsi yog annealing: analing yog cov hlau maj mam muab rhaub kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm txias ntawm tus txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas tsim nyog. Annealing kev kho cua sov tau muab faib ua cov anertaling ua tiav, tsis tiav kev ua tsis tiav thiab kev ntxhov siab pab txhawb nqa. Cov cuab yeej siv cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm anealed cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas tensile thiab kuj los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas nyuaj. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv steel tau muab rau hauv annealed tshav kub-kho cov phiaj, koj tuaj yeem siv lub hardness steel tsho, thiab cov hlau sib tw ua ke lub pob zeb hardness, thiab cov hlau tshuab
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm annealing: ① txhawm rau txhim kho lossis tshem tawm cov hlau hauv kev tsis txaus siab, kom tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, kom tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm deformation, tawg.
② muag muag lub workpiece rau kev txiav.
③ Muab cov noob qoob loo, txhim kho lub koom haum txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuab ntawm lub workpiece.
④ Rau kev kho cua sov kawg (quenching, tempering) los npaj lub koom haum npaj.
3. Cov txheej txheem siv anealing: ① ua tiav annealing. Siv los ua kom ua kom zoo rau cov hlau nruab nrab thiab cov roj carbon tsawg los ntawm kev ua pov cov hlau, Forging thiab vuam tom qab cov tshuab tsis zoo ntawm cov koom haum tsis zoo. Lub workpiece yuav tau muab rhaub kom ferrite tag nrho cov hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem txias dua 30 ~ 50 degree rau lub sijhawm txias dua, koj tuaj yeem ua lub koom haum ntawm cov hlau nplua.
② Kev sib tw spheroidal. Siv los txo cov siab tawv ntawm cov cuab yeej steel thiab cov kabmob hlau tom qab forging. Lub workpiece yuav tau rhuab rau cov hlau pib los ua Austenite kub siab tshaj 20 ~ 40 degree, tom qab tuav cov hlawsite hauv cov lamellar carburite rau hauv spherical, yog li txo lub hardness.
③ Ostothermal annaling. Siv los txo qhov siab tawv ntawm qee cov qauv txheej txheem hlau nrog cov npib tsib xee thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus rau kev txiav. Feem ntau ua ntej txias rau cov Austenite ntawm tus nqi nrawm dua rau qhov kub ntawm lub sijhawm uas tsim nyog, kev nqus kom muaj lub sijhawm uas tsim nyog, rwb thaiv tsev rau ib lub sijhawm uas tsim nyog, kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv Austenite lossis Soxhlet, lub hardness tuaj yeem txo.
④ Recrystallization analing. Siv los tshem tawm hlau hlau, ntawv ntim rau hauv cov txheej txheem txias, cov txheej txheem txias dua ntawm cov txheej txheem tawv (tawv muaj zog ntxiv, cov yas txo qis). Cua sov kub rau cov steel feem ntau pib ua Austenite kub hauv qab 50 ~ 150 degree, tsuas yog ua rau tshem tawm cov nyhuv tawv ntawm cov hlau.
⑤ anecitation graphiting. ⑤ anecitation graphiting. Qhov no yog siv los hloov cov hlau pov cov hlau uas muaj cov nqi ntawm carburization loj rau hauv Mallburization hlau nrog cov yas zoo. Kev ua haujlwm txheej txheem yog cov Casting yog rhuab mus txog 950 degree, rwb thaiv tsev rau ib lub sij hawm tsim nyog rau carburite los ua flocculent graphite.
⑥ anach annaling. Siv los ua kom cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Alloy caso caso casts cov ris tsho hnav, txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Cov txheej txheem tsis tau melting nyob rau hauv lub premting rhuab mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws tau kub, thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev sib cais nyob rau hauv lub alloy diffusion nyhav tom qab txias txias.
(7) Kev Txhaum Cai Txawj Ntse. Siv los tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov hlau casings thiab weldments. Rau cov khoom lag luam hlau thiab steel pib los ua ib qho kev ua kom sov tom qab kub tshaj plaws hauv huab cua, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm sab hauv kev ntxhov siab.
