Puas yog tooj liab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cables tib yam? Cov tooj liab zoo li cas?

Puas yog tooj liab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cables tib yam? Cov tooj liab zoo li cas?

Copper pas nrig yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam cable. Muaj ob txoj kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb - nruam casting thiab dov thiab nce nruam casting. Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev nruam casting thiab dov ntawm qis-oxygen tooj liab rods. Cov yam ntxwv yog tias tom qab cov hlau melted nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub tawg, cov kua tooj liab dhau los ntawm lub qhov cub tuav, chute, tundish, thiab nkag mus rau hauv qhov kaw pwm kab noj hniav los ntawm cov yeeb nkab pouring. Qhov kev siv txias txias yog siv los ua kom txias los ua ib qho cam khwb cia, uas yog tom qab ntawd dov hauv ntau qhov hla. Cov pas nrig uas muaj cov pa oxygen uas tsis tshua muaj muaj cov txheej txheem kub ua haujlwm. Tus qauv casting qub tau tawg, thiab cov ntsiab lus oxygen feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 200 thiab 400 ppm. Oxygen-dawb tooj liab rods yog tsim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj siv txoj kev nce nruam casting. Tom qab cov hlau yog melted nyob rau hauv ib tug induction rauv, nws yog nruam nrum los ntawm graphite pwm, thiab ces txias dov los yog txias ua hauj lwm. Cov pas nrig tooj liab uas tsis muaj oxygen uas tsim muaj cov qauv cam khwb cia thiab muaj cov pa oxygen. Tus nqi feem ntau yog qis dua 20ppm. Vim muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam xws li kev tsim qauv, kev faib cov pa oxygen, daim ntawv impurity thiab kev faib tawm, thiab lwm yam.

1. Kev kos duab ua haujlwm

Kev kos duab ntawm cov pas nrig tooj liab muaj feem xyuam rau ntau yam, xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab kev faib tawm, kev tswj cov txheej txheem, thiab lwm yam. Cov hauv qab no yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cov pas nrig tooj liab los ntawm cov saum toj no.

1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev melting ntawm impurities xws li S

Nruam casting thiab dov los tsim tooj liab rods mas melts tooj liab rods los ntawm combustion ntawm roj. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion txheej txheem, los ntawm oxidation thiab volatilization, qee qhov impurities tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov kua tooj liab mus rau qee yam. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev nruam casting thiab dov txoj kev muaj cov khoom siv raw khoom siab heev. qis. Lub sab sauv nruam casting ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen. Txij li thaum lub qhov cub induction yog siv rau melting, "patina" thiab "tooj liab taum" nyob rau saum npoo ntawm electrolytic tooj liab yog yeej melted rau hauv cov kua tooj liab. Lub melted S muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov yas ntawm cov pas nrig tsis muaj pa oxygen thiab yuav ua rau kom cov hlau kos duab tawg.

2. Kev nkag ntawm impurities thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem nruam casting thiab dov yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntawm cov tooj liab los ntawm kev tuav lub cub tawg, chutes, thiab tundishes, uas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau cov khoom siv refractory tev tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm dov, nws yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov chais, ua rau cov hlau ntog thiab ua rau cov rods tooj liab puas. Ua rau sab nraud suav nrog. Kev dov ntawm oxides ntawm thiab hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum kub dov yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev kos duab ntawm cov pas nrig hypoxic. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm txoj kev nce toj nruam casting yog luv luv. Cov kua tooj liab ua tiav los ntawm cov dej ntws hauv submersible hauv qhov cub ua ke, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv refractory. Lub crystallization yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub graphite pwm, yog li ntawd muaj tsawg qhov chaw muaj kuab paug thiab impurities uas tej zaum yuav generated nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem. Muaj tsawg lub sijhawm nkag mus.

O, S, thiab P yog cov khoom uas tsim cov tebchaw nrog tooj liab. Hauv molten tooj liab, oxygen tuaj yeem yaj ib nrab, tab sis thaum tooj liab condenses, oxygen tsis tshua yaj hauv tooj. Cov pa oxygen yaj hauv lub xeev molten precipitates li tooj liab=cuprous oxide eutectic thiab muab faib rau ntawm cov ciam teb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tooj liab-cuprous oxide eutectic ho txo ​​cov plasticity ntawm tooj liab.

Sulfur yuav yaj nyob rau hauv molten tooj liab, tab sis nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws solubility yog txo mus rau zero. Nws tshwm nyob rau ntawm cov ciam teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cuprous sulfide, uas yuav txo tau cov plasticity ntawm tooj liab.

3. Cov qauv kev faib tawm cov pa oxygen thiab cov teebmeem hauv cov pas nrig uas tsis muaj pa oxygen thiab cov pas hlau tsis muaj oxygen.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj oxygen tooj liab. Thaum cov ntsiab lus oxygen nce mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tus pas nrig tooj liab muaj qhov tawg qis tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog vim hais tias oxygen ua raws li ib tug scavenger nyob rau hauv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog feem ntau impurities. Cov pa oxygen nruab nrab kuj yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm hydrogen los ntawm cov kua tooj liab, tsim cov dej vapor kom dhau, thiab txo qhov tsim ntawm pores. Cov ntsiab lus oxygen zoo tshaj plaws muab cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem kos duab hlau.

Kev faib tawm ntawm qis-oxygen tooj liab pas nrig oxides: Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm solidification nyob rau hauv nruam casting, tshav kub dissipation tus nqi thiab uniform txias txias yog lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb uas txiav txim qhov kev faib ntawm tooj liab qws oxides. Kev tsis sib xws yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv sab hauv ntawm tus pas nrig tooj liab, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm thermal tom qab, cov kab nrib pleb feem ntau yuav raug rhuav tshem, uas ua rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cuprous oxide hais. Ib qho xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov khoom oxide yog qhov nruab nrab tawg. Ntxiv rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm oxide particle tis, tooj liab rods nrog me me oxide hais qhia zoo dua hlau kos cov yam ntxwv, thiab loj Cu2O hais yooj yim ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab concentration ntsiab lus thiab tawg.

2. Nto zoo

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom xws li electromagnetic nyob ntawm tej, yuav tsum tau kuj yuav tsum tau rau lub nto zoo ntawm tooj liab rods. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlau kos tooj liab yuav tsum tsis muaj burrs, tsawg tooj liab hmoov, thiab tsis muaj roj stains. Qhov zoo ntawm cov hmoov tooj liab rau ntawm qhov chaw yog ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas torsion thiab kev rov qab los ntawm cov pas nrig tooj liab tom qab torsion raug soj ntsuam los txiav txim siab nws qhov zoo.

Thaum lub sij hawm nruam nruam casting thiab dov txheej txheem, los ntawm casting mus rau dov, qhov kub thiab txias yog kiag li raug rau saum huab cua, ua rau ib tug tuab oxide txheej rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cam khwb cia slab. Thaum lub sij hawm dov txheej txheem, raws li cov rollers tig, cov oxide hais dov mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tooj liab hlau. Txij li thaum cuprous oxide yog ib qho nkig nrog lub siab melting point, rau cuprous oxide uas dov ntxaum, thaum lub strip-puab aggregates stretched los ntawm cov pwm, burrs yuav tsim nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm tus pas nrig tooj liab, ua rau muaj teeb meem rau tom ntej. pleev xim. ua

Tsawg oxygen tooj liab pas nrig

Audio cables feem ntau nyiam siv cov pas nrig tsis muaj oxygen. Qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tseeb tias cov pas nrig tsis muaj oxygen yog ib qho siv lead ua tooj liab thiab cov pas nrig hypoxic yog polycrystalline tooj liab.

Qes-oxygen tooj liab rods thiab oxygen-dawb tooj liab rods yog txawv vim txawv kev tsim thiab muaj lawv tus kheej yam ntxwv.

1. Txog kev nqus pa thiab tshem tawm cov pa oxygen thiab nws lub neej muaj nyob

Cov ntsiab lus oxygen ntawm cathode tooj liab siv hauv kev tsim cov pas nrig tooj liab feem ntau yog 10-50ppm, thiab cov khoom solubility ntawm oxygen hauv tooj liab ntawm chav tsev kub yog li 2ppm. Cov pa oxygen cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pas nrig tooj liab qis feem ntau yog 200 (175) - 400 (450) ppm, yog li cov pa oxygen tau nqus los ntawm cov kua tooj liab hauv lub xeev, thaum lub pas nrig tsis muaj pa oxygen yog nyob ntawm qhov tsis sib xws. , cov pa oxygen yog nqus tau los ntawm cov kua tooj liab Tom qab khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws raug txo thiab tshem tawm. Feem ntau, cov pa oxygen ntawm cov pas nrig no qis dua 10-50ppm, thiab qhov qis tshaj tuaj yeem yog 1-2ppm. Los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qhov pom, cov pa oxygen hauv qis-oxygen tooj liab yog oxidized. Lub xeev tooj liab muaj nyob ze ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov nplej, uas yog ib txwm muaj rau cov pas nrig tooj liab uas tsis tshua muaj oxygen tab sis tsis tshua muaj rau cov pas hlau tsis muaj oxygen. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tooj liab oxide nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm inclusions ntawm grain ciam teb muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub toughness ntawm cov khoom. Cov pa oxygen hauv cov tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen yog tsawg heev, yog li cov qauv ntawm cov tooj liab no yog cov qauv ib-theem, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tawv nqaij. Cov porosity tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov pas nrig tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen thiab yog ib qho tsis xws luag hauv cov pas nrig tooj liab uas tsis muaj oxygen.

2. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kub dov thiab cov qauv cam khwb cia

Txij li thaum cov pas nrig tooj liab qis qis tau kub dov, nws cov qauv yog cov txheej txheem kub ua haujlwm. Tus qauv casting qub tau tawg, thiab recrystallization tau tshwm sim hauv 8 hli pas nrig. Cov pas nrig tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen muaj cov qauv nrum nrog cov nplej ntxhib. Qhov no yog vim li cas vim li cas tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen muaj qhov kub thiab txias dua thiab yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias dua. Qhov no yog vim recrystallization tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm cov qoob loo. Cov qauv tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen muaj cov nplej ntxhib thiab cov nplej loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau millimeters. Yog li ntawd, muaj ob peb grain ciam teb. Txawm hais tias nws yog deformed los ntawm kev kos duab, cov ciaj ciam ntawm cov nplej yog qhov tsawg. Tseem muaj tsawg dua cov pa oxygen tooj liab, yog li yuav tsum muaj zog dua annealing. Cov kev xav tau rau kev ua tiav zoo ntawm cov pa oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab yog: thawj annealing thaum cov hlau yog kos los ntawm tus pas nrig tab sis tseem tsis tau muab pov tseg. Lub zog annealing yuav tsum yog 10-15% siab tshaj qhov qis-oxygen tooj liab hauv tib qhov xwm txheej. Tom qab kev kos duab tas mus li, cov npoo txaus yuav tsum tau sab laug rau lub zog annealing nyob rau theem tom ntej thiab cov txheej txheem annealing sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qis-oxygen tooj liab thiab oxygen-dawb tooj liab los xyuas kom meej lub softness ntawm in-process thiab tiav nyob ntawm tej.

3. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev suav nrog, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa oxygen, cov oxides saum npoo thiab ua tau kub dov tsis xws luag

Lub drawability ntawm oxygen-dawb tooj liab rods yog superior rau cov uas tsis muaj oxygen tooj liab rods nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hlau diameters. Ntxiv rau cov laj thawj uas tau hais los saum toj no, cov pas nrig tooj liab tsis muaj cov pa oxygen muaj tsawg dua, cov ntsiab lus oxygen ruaj khov, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kub dov. , oxide thickness ntawm tus pas nrig nto tuaj yeem ncav cuag tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 15A. Thaum lub sij hawm nruam casting thiab dov ntau lawm txheej txheem, yog tias cov txheej txheem tsis ruaj khov thiab kev saib xyuas cov pa oxygen tsis nruj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen tsis ruaj khov yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus pas nrig. Yog hais tias cov oxide nto ntawm tus pas nrig tuaj yeem raug them rau hauv kev tu tas li hauv cov txheej txheem tom qab, qhov teeb meem ntau dua yog tias muaj ntau cov oxide muaj "hauv daim tawv nqaij", uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov hlau tawg. Yog li ntawd, thaum kos cov xov hlau zoo, Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov xov hlau zoo heev, txhawm rau txo cov xaim tawg, qee zaum cov pas nrig tooj liab yuav tsum tau tev lossis txawm tev ob zaug raws li qhov chaw kawg kom tshem tawm cov subcutaneous oxide.

4. Nws muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj pa oxygen thiab cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen.

Ob leeg tuaj yeem ncav cuag {{0}}.015mm, tab sis nyob rau hauv qis-kub qib oxygen-dawb tooj liab nyob rau hauv qhov kub-kub superconducting hlau, qhov sib nrug ntawm cov filaments tsuas yog 0.001mm.

5. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau cov pas nrig ua rau cov xov ua.

Manufacturing oxygen-free copper rods requires higher quality raw materials. Generally, when drawing copper wires with a diameter >1mm, qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj pa oxygen tsawg dua yog qhov pom tseeb dua, thaum cov pas hlau tsis muaj pa oxygen yog qhov zoo dua thaum kos cov xov tooj hlau nrog txoj kab uas hla.<0.5mm.

6. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj cov pa oxygen tsawg yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen.

Cov txheej txheem xaim ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau tsis tuaj yeem muab luam tawm rau cov txheej txheem xaim ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem annealing ntawm ob qhov sib txawv. Vim hais tias lub softness ntawm cov hlau yog heev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qws ua, hlau ua thiab annealing txheej txheem, peb tsis tau tsuas yog hais tias leej twg yog softer los yog nyuaj, tsis tshua muaj oxygen tooj liab los yog oxygen-dawb tooj liab.