Smelting yam ntxwv ntawm oxygen-dawb tooj liab
Kev sib txawv nruj me ntsis, cov tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen yuav tsum tau muab faib ua cov pa oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab zoo tib yam thiab cov pa oxygen-dawb tooj liab zoo nkauj. Ordinary oxygen-free tooj yuav tsum smelted nyob rau hauv ib lub hwj chim zaus hlau core induction rauv, thaum high-purity oxygen-dawb tooj liab yuav tsum tau smelted nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev induction rauv.
Thaum siv ib nrab-nruam casting, cov txheej txheem refining ntawm cov yaj nyob rau hauv lub melting rauv thiab tuav lub cub tawg yuav tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub sij hawm txwv. Kev nruam nruam yog txawv. Qhov zoo ntawm molten tooj liab tsis tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm refining qhov cub thiab tuav lub cub tawg, tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, nws kuj nyob ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yaj los ntawm kev kis kab mob, oxygen-dawb tooj liab smelting feem ntau tsis siv cov additives rau smelting thiab refining. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej molten yog npog nrog charcoal thiab txo qhov cua tsim yog ib qho kev siv smelting cua.
Induction furnaces rau smelting oxygen-dawb tooj liab yuav tsum muaj kev sib khi zoo.
Smelting oxygen-dawb tooj liab yuav tsum siv high-zoo cathode tooj liab ua raw khoom. Txhawm rau smelt high-purity oxygen-dawb tooj liab, high-purity cathode tooj liab yuav tsum tau siv los ua raw khoom. Yog hais tias cov tooj liab cathode qhuav thiab preheated ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg, cov av noo los yog cov huab cua ntub uas yuav adsorbed ntawm nws qhov chaw tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm.
Thaum smelting oxygen-dawb tooj liab, lub thickness ntawm cov charcoal txheej npog lub nto ntawm lub molten pas dej ua ke nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg yuav tsum tau muab ob npaug rau ntawm smelting zoo tib yam tooj liab ntshiab, thiab charcoal yuav tsum tau hloov kho nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.
Txawm hais tias charcoal npog muaj ntau qhov zoo, xws li kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev sib cais ntawm huab cua thiab txo qis, nws kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, charcoal yooj yim absorbs huab cua noo thiab txawm ncaj qha absorbs noo noo, yog li ua ib tug channel los ntawm cov kua tooj liab yuav nqus tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm hydrogen.
Charcoal los yog carbon monoxide muaj qhov txo qis ntawm cuprous oxide, tab sis tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv hydrogen. Yog li ntawd, charcoal yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv thiab calcined ua ntej muab ntxiv rau qhov cub.
Thaum lub sij hawm smelting, hloov, txuag hluav taws xob thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem casting, ua tiav kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov yaj yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen. Nyob rau hauv ntau niaj hnub oxygen-dawb tooj liab smelting thiab casting ntau lawm kab, tsis yog tsuas yog cov smelting, tab sis kuj lub ziab thiab preheating ntawm tus nqi, lub hloov mus launder, lub pouring chamber, thiab lwm yam yog tag nrho tiv thaiv.
Qee qhov niaj hnub loj-loj cov pa oxygen-dawb tooj liab ntau lawm kab siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob roj ua cov roj tiv thaiv, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob feem ntau siv cov roj ntuj ua raw khoom.
Ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov roj tiv thaiv feem ntau siv txawv teb chaws yog: thawj zaug hlawv cov pa roj carbon dioxide nrog cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj leej faj thiab 94% mus rau 96% methane nrog cov nqi theoretical huab cua, thiab siv nickel oxide ua qhov nruab nrab kom tshem tawm hydrogen. Lub resulting gas yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm Composed nitrogen thiab carbonic acid gas. Tom qab ntawd, cov pa roj carbonic acid hloov mus ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide los ntawm kev siv cov hluav taws kub kub kom tau cov pa tsis muaj oxygen uas muaj 20% mus rau 30% carbon monoxide thiab cov seem yog nitrogen.
Ntxiv nrog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov pa roj xws li nitrogen, carbon monoxide lossis argon kuj tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev tiv thaiv tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen lossis ua kom zoo dua.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev smelting yuav tsum yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau smelting zoo oxygen-dawb tooj liab.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev yaj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo qis cov ntsiab lus oxygen, tab sis kuj txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm hydrogen thiab lwm yam impurity ntsiab.
Thaum smelting nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev nruab nrab zaus coreless induction rauv, graphite crucibles thiab high-purity cathode tooj liab los yog remelted tooj liab uas tau refined ob zaug yog feem ntau siv raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv. Ntim rau hauv lub cub tawg ua ke nrog cov tooj liab cathode, nws kuj suav nrog flake graphite hmoov rau deoxidation.
Qhov tseeb, deoxidation feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv cov khoom siv graphite crucible. Tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau tuaj yeem suav tau. Piv txwv li, 1 kg ntawm tooj liab siv 100 g ntawm carbon. Kev paub qhia tau hais tias qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa hauv cov kua tooj liab thaum pib, qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv deoxidation tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib ntawm smelting.
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab tau los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev smelting tuaj yeem muaj cov pa oxygen qis dua 0.0005% thiab cov ntsiab lus hydrogen qis dua 0.0001% txog 0.0003%. Qhov tseeb, tsuas yog thaum tooj liab smelted thiab cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam degree ntawm nqus tsev vacuum, nws yog ua tau kom tau txais castings uas tsis muaj oxygen thiab lwm yam gases. Yog li ntawd, lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum siv los tsim cov khoom siv tooj liab rau cov raj hluav taws xob yuav tsum siab tshaj 10-6.
