Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj rau tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys?

Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj rau tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys?

1.Rare ntiaj teb tooj liab

Copper thiab tooj liab alloys muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal conductivity, zoo corrosion kuj, non-magnetism thiab anti-corrosion rau cov kab mob thiab algae nyob rau hauv dej, yooj yim yas ua thiab zoo weldability, thiab yooj yim rau cam khwb cia. Nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no thiab tau siv dav hauv electronics, electromechanical, aviation, aerospace thiab lwm yam sectors.

Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb muaj cov khoom siv hlau zoo thiab muaj zog heev hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tshwj tsis yog cov roj inert. Lawv yog cov "monosodium glutamate" hauv kev lag luam metallurgical.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys tau nyiam cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv xyoo 1950, thiab tam sim no tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hotspot. kuv lub teb chaws pib tshawb fawb txog kev siv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys thaum ntxov li xyoo 1960. Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov khoom kub thiab txias ua haujlwm, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys, thiab ua tiav qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau txais, tab sis cov kev tshawb fawb no tau nce zuj zus, thiab tsis muaj ntau. thaj chaw ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev siv.

2. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj rau cov qauv ntawm cov tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys

01 Purify cov ntaub so ntswg

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ntxuav cov tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy nrog cov av tsis tshua muaj:

(1) Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov pa oxygen thiab leej faj, tsim cov tebchaw uas tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb nrog cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua, muaj zog thermal stability, thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus me me, yog li ua tiav cov teebmeem ntawm desulfurization thiab deoxygenation; Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim nrog atomic hydrogen. Nws ua rau tsim RH2 lossis RH3 yam ruaj khov hydride (R sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hlau). Cov hydrides yog yaj nyob rau hauv tooj liab alloy nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom tov, yog li tshem tawm cov teeb meem los ntawm hydrogen.

(2) Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb thiab Pb, Bi thiab lwm yam khoom tsim kom muaj cov sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov ntsiab lus melting siab dua tooj liab. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tooj liab melting thiab casting txheej txheem, lawv muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj khov lub xeev thiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov kua hlau tooj liab alloy ua ke nrog cov slag kom ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm Pb, Lub hom phiaj ntawm Bi.

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02 Txhim kho lub koom haum

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv microstructure ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov nplej, txo qis lossis tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb, thiab nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw equiaxed grain.

Muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg refining tus qauv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys:

(1) Tsim cov qauv siv lead ua tshiab thiab inhibit kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej.

(2) Microcrystalization.

(3) Alloying nyhuv.

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03 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev suav nrog

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm kev koom ua ke yog tsuas yog hloov cov duab thiab kev faib tawm ntawm impurities. Nws lub ntsiab manifestations yog raws li nram no:

(1) Txo lossis tshem tawm dendrites thiab columnar crystals hauv cov qauv hlau.

(2) Ua kom muaj qee yam impurities nyob rau hauv lub alloy tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm strips, nplooj ntawv los yog txawm blocks, yog li txhim kho los yog txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab thiab ua cov khoom ntawm tooj liab thiab nws alloys.

(3) Rov faib qee yam teeb meem impurities nyob rau hauv cov hlau ntawm lub microscopic ntim ntawm cov hlau, los yog cuam tshuam rau macrosegregation ntawm tej impurities, uas ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam khoom.

(4) Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb-muaj cov tebchaw yog adsorbed rau ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm cov hlau lossis cov hlau, txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov melting-point teeb meem impurities ntawm cov alloy grain ciam teb, yog li ua rau lub siab kub siab brittleness ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog.

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3. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj rau cov khoom ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys

01 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb rau tooj liab alloys tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom pov thawj ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys. Rau ntau hom tooj liab alloys, qhov fluidity tuaj yeem nce los ntawm 30% mus rau 40% tom qab ntxiv cov av tsawg.

Ntxiv {{0}}.01% rau 0.03% sib xyaw cov av tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau kom qhov kub thiab txias elongation ntawm cov hlau lead deformed, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kub, thiab txo lossis tshem tawm kub dov tawg. Kev tshem tawm ntawm impurities los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus nce lub zog ntawm cov ciam teb thiab txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov theem embrittlement, yog li ua kom kub kub σb thiab δ ntawm tooj liab alloys. Ntxiv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov seem tshuav nqi, thiab lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov txias deformation peev xwm ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev deformation ntau yam (<14%).

02 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hnav tsis kam

Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb thiab tooj liab cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem tsim cov sib txuas sib txuas nrog cov hardness siab dua thiab txawm faib. Cov tebchaw no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev txav mus los; thiab lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm kev suav nrog, txo qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ciam teb, thiab txo qis txoj hauv kev tawg raws li cov ciam teb nplej thaum raug thauj khoom, yog li txhim kho hnav tsis kam.

Cam khwb cia tooj dag uas tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb muaj zog hardness, zoo plasticity thiab toughness, uas tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv-nyob rau hauv theem thiab txuas ntxiv rau theem ruaj khov, yog li txo qhov hnav thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub workpiece. Ntxiv Ce thiab B rau siab manganese aluminium bronze tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam qhuav thiab hnav li ntawm 20% thiab lubrication kev sib txhuam thiab hnav li ntawm 50%.

03 Kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab hluav taws xob conductivity

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys yog feem ntau cuam tshuam hauv hardness, lub zog, plasticity, thiab lwm yam. Thaum lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv tooj liab ntshiab yog {{0}}}.1% rau {{ 4}}.2%, lub zog nce siab heev, thiab thaum nws siab dua 0.2%, lub zog nce qeeb.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys feem ntau suav hais tias yog: ntawm ib sab, cov nyhuv refining ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj refines tooj liab nplej, nce cov ciam teb, thiab nce qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob tawg, ua rau nyob rau hauv ib tug nce nyob rau hauv resistivity thiab ib tug txo nyob rau hauv conductivity. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov nyhuv purification ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj txo cov impurities hauv tooj liab, ua kom tsis muaj zog lattice distortion, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm electron tawg, thiab txhim kho conductivity.

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4 Kev xaus

Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb tuaj yeem ntxuav cov qauv, kho cov qauv, thiab hloov cov kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab tooj liab, yog li txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, corrosion thiab hnav tsis kam, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Yog li ntawd, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb tuaj yeem txhim kho tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys. kev ua tau zoo tau tso ntau qhov kev cia siab.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo tau tsim, ntau cov tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys tseem tsis tau siv cov ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, yog li ntau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys yuav tsum tau tsim. Cov ntaub ntawv hlau tshiab ua kom muaj ntau yam kev siv ntawm cov av tsawg hauv cov tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys, ua kom muaj kev lag luam ntau lawm. Cov hom tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb additives lossis master alloy cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua ntau serialized, thiab tsis xws li ntxiv cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ua kom zoo dua qub.

Tam sim no, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem nyob rau theem sim. Cov txheej txheem, kev cuam tshuam tus qauv, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb technology thiab lwm yam teeb meem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys tseem yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv. Txhawm rau muab kev ua si tag nrho rau qhov zoo ntawm kuv lub teb chaws cov peev txheej tsawg hauv ntiaj teb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb theoretical ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys, txhawm rau txhawb kev nce qib ntawm tsawg ntiaj teb daim ntawv thov technology thiab nthuav dav. daim ntawv thov Scope ntawm rare earths.