Koj yuav tsum xaiv qib tooj liab twg?
Rau 95% ntawm cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob - suav nrog switchgear, vaj huam sib luag boards, busway systems, thiab grounding - C11000 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj.Nws muabNtau dua lossis sib npaug rau 101% IACS conductivityntawm ib feem ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov pa oxygen- dawb tooj liab.
Tsuas yog xaiv C10100 (oxygen-dawb) yog tias koj daim ntawv thov suav nrog:ib puag ncig lub tshuab nqus tsev (<10⁻⁵ torr), hydrogen brazing above 370°C, or cryogenic temperatures below -150°C. Otherwise, you are paying 30-50% more for tsis muaj kev nce qib.
C1100 thiab T2 yog sib npaug rau C11000- tsuas yog txawv lub npe. A C1100 busbar los ntawm Nyiv lossis T2 busbar los ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog tustib yam khoomRaws li ASTM C11000 busbar.
Xauj peb C11000 tooj liab busbar khoom nplooj rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws specifications thiab tus nqi tam sim no.
C11000 vs C10100 vs C1100
| Qib | Txuj | Lub Npe | Purity | Cov ntsiab lus Oxygen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C11000 | ASTM / UNS | Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.9% | 0.02-0.04% |
| C10100 | ASTM / UNS | Oxygen-Free Electronic (OFE) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.99% | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.0005% |
| C1100 | JIS (Nyiv) | Electrolytic tooj liab | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.9% | 0.02-0.04% |
| T2 | GB (Tuam Tshoj) | Ntshiab tooj liab | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.9% | 0.02-0.04% |
| CWJ 004A | EN (Tebchaws Europe) | Cu-ETP | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.9% | 0.02-0.04% |
C11000, C1100, T2, thiab CW004A yog cov qib sib npaug.Lawv yog cov khoom siv tib yam nrog cov khoom qub, tsuas yog muaj npe raws li cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv. C10100 yog atxawv, siab dua - qib puritynrog rau kev siv niche tshwj xeeb.
C11000 vs C10100
| Khoom | C11000 (ETP) | C10100 (TSI) |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | 99.9% | 99.99% |
| Cov ntsiab lus oxygen | 0.02-0.04% (200-400 ppm) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.0005% (Less dua lossis sib npaug rau 5 ppm) |
| Conductivity (% IACS) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 100% (feem ntau 101%) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 100% (feem ntau 101-102%) |
| Thermal conductivity | 401 W/m·K | 401 W/m·K |
| Tensile zog (ib nrab-nyuaj) | 200-250 MPa | 200-250 MPa |
| Tus nqi txheeb ze | Lub hauv paus (1 ×) | 1.3 × 1.5 × |
| Hydrogen embrittlement txaus ntshai | Yes (in H₂ at >370 degree) | Tsis muaj |
| Nqus compatibility | Tsis muaj (oxygen outgasses) | Yog lawm |
| Cryogenic kev ua haujlwm | Zoo | Zoo heev (zoo dua ductility) |
Rau conductivity, thermal kev ua tau zoo, thiab mechanical zog,ob qib yog tib yam. Tus nqi sib txawv yuav koj tshem tawm cov pa oxygen, uas tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
C11000 vs. C1100 vs. T2 – Puas yog Lawv Ib Leeg?
Yog - peb qhov no yog tib yam khoom.
| Sib npaug | ||
|---|---|---|
| C11000 | ASTM / UNS tus qauv lub npe | – |
| C1100 | JIS (Japanese) npe | C11000 |
| T2 | GB (Suav) lub npe | C11000 |
| CWJ 004A | EN (European) npe | C11000 |
| Cu-ETP | ISO npe | C11000 |
Thaum twg Koj Xav Tau C10100 (Oxygen-Dawb Copper)?
1. Nqus ib puag ncig (<10⁻⁵ torr)
Hauv cov tshuab nqus tsev siab, 0.02-0.04% oxygen hauv C11000 tuaj yeemoutgas, tso dej vapor thiab paug lub tshuab nqus tsev chamber. C10100, nrog nws tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 5 ppm cov ntsiab lus oxygen, tsis muaj qhov teeb meem no.
2. Hydrogen Brazing Saum 370 degree
Thaum C11000 yog rhuab saum 370℃hauv ahydrogen cua, hydrogen diffuses rau hauv tooj liab thiab reacts nrog oxygen los tsimchav dej (H₂O). Lub zog siab tsim cov kab nrib pleb sab hauv - qhov tshwm sim hu ua"hydrogen embrittlement"los yog "hydrogen kab mob." C10100 tsis muaj oxygen, yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
3. Cryogenic kub hauv qab -150 degree
Thaum tsis tshua muaj kub (kua hydrogen, kua helium siv),C10100 muabzoo dua ductility thiab cuam tshuam lub zogtshaj C11000. Cryogenic engineers feem ntau nyiam oxygen -dawb tooj liab vim li no.
Yog tias koj qhov project tsis koom nrog peb cov xwm txheej no, C11000 txaus - thiab txuag koj 30-50%.
Koj tuaj yeem txuag tau npaum li cas los ntawm kev xaiv C11000?
C11000 yog 30-50% pheej yig dua C10100rau tib yam conductivity.
| Order Quantity | C10100 (OFE) kwv yees tus nqi | C11000 (ETP) Tus nqi kwv yees | Koj Cov Nyiaj Txiag |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500 kg | $7,000 – $8,500 | $4,500 – $5,500 | $2,500 – $3,000 |
| 1,000 kg | $12,000 – $15,000 | $8,000 – $10,000 | $4,000 – $5,000 |
| 5,000 kg | $55,000 – $70,000 | $35,000 – $45,000 | $20,000 – $25,000 |
Rau qhov project switchgear raug siv 1,000 kg ntawm busbar, xaiv C11000 tshaj C10100 txuag tau $4,000-5,000nrog kiag li tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Peb Ntsuas thiab Certificate Peb C11000 Copper Busbar
| Kuaj | Khoom siv | Txuj | Ntau zaus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg | Optical emission spectrometer muaj | Cu Ntau dua lossis sib npaug 99.9%, O 0.02-0.04% | Txhua batch |
| Hluav taws xob conductivity | Eddy tam sim no sigmascope | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 101% IACS | Txhua batch |
| Hardness | Rockwell hardness tester | HV 60 -85 (nruab nrab) | Txhua batch |
| Lub zog tensile | Universal xeem tshuab | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 200 MPa (ib nrab- nyuaj) | Txhua batch |
| Dimensional raug | Hexagon CMM / precision calipers | ± 0.1 hli(dav / tuab) | 100% ntawm cov khoom |
| Nto tiav | Kev kuaj pom pom + profileometer | Tsis muaj khawb, qhov, los yog burrs | 100% ntawm cov khoom |
| Plating thickness(yog muaj) | XRF Analyzer | Tin 3-8μ / Nyiaj 5-15μ | Txhua batch |
| ntsev tsuag corrosion | ASTM B117 Chamber | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 96 teev tsis muaj xeb liab(plated) | Txhua lub lim tiam |
Peb muab Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Khoom Siv (MTC) nrog rau txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj, traceable rau ntau lawm batch tooj. Koj tau txais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tias koj cov tooj liab ua tau raws li lossis tshaj tag nrho cov kev cai.
Peb lub Hoobkas
| Khoom siv | Hom / Muaj peev xwm |
|---|---|
| Induction melting rauv | 15,000 kg muaj peev xwm |
| Nruam casting tshuab | Txog li 200mm dav |
| Extrusion xovxwm | 5 50 ton |
| Txias dov zeb | Precision thickness tswj |
| CNC shearing tshuab | Txog li 30mm thickness, 250mm dav |
| AMADA CNC xuas nrig ntaus xovxwm | Qhov kam rau ua ± 0.1mm |
| ACCURL CNC xovxwm nres | Khoov mus txog 3000mm ntev, ± 1℃kam rau ua |
| Tsis siv neeg hauv - tsev plating kab | Tin / nyiaj / npib tsib xee, mus txog 4000mm ntev |
Custom Capabilities:
- Thickness:3mm mus rau 30mm
- Dav:10mm txog 250mm
- Ntev:Txog li 6000mm (ib thooj)
- Cov duab:Pav ca, puag ncig ntug, L-khoov, Z-khoov, U-khoov, kev cai kaum
- Qhov:Round (4-20mm), slotted (6 × 12mm txog 10 × 25mm), counterbored
- Surface finishes:Liab qab, tin-plated, nyiaj-plated, npib tsib xee-plated, tshav kub ntsws tubing, epoxy txheej
Lub Sijhawm Lead:
- Qauv xaj (txhua qhov loj):5-7 hnub ua haujlwm
- Standard qhov ntau thiab tsawg (liab qab):10-15 hnub ua haujlwm
- Nrog plating:15-20 hnub ua haujlwm
- Kev cai fabrication:15-20 hnub ua haujlwm
Peb ntim li cas
| Txheej | Khoom siv | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Sab hauv qhwv | VCI (Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor) zaj duab xis | Tiv thaiv oxidation - VCI molecules nyob ntawm txhua qhov chaw tooj liab, thaiv cov dej noo thiab oxygen |
| Interleaving | Kraft daim ntawv + ua npuas ncauj ntawv | Tiv thaiv kev khawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg busbar |
| Bundling | Hlau hlua (3-5 pluaj ib pob) | Ruaj ntau lub busbars rau hauv cov khoom ruaj khov |
| Pallet | Thaum tshav kub kub- kho plywood (IPPC tau ntawv pov thawj) | Tsis muaj fumigation yuav tsum tau rau kev lis kev cai clearance |
| Kev tiv thaiv kaum | Yas los yog cardboard kaum guards | Tiv thaiv pluaj puas rau cov npoo |
| Sab nrauv qhwv | Stretch zaj duab xis (ntau txheej) | Seals tawm noo noo thiab plua plav |
| xaiv tau | Kev cai ua npuas ncauj cradles (rau cov duab khoov) | Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob deformation thaum caij tsheb npav |
Rau hiav txwv freight:Qhov no ntim system tiv thaiv tooj liab busbar rau60+ hnub nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig marinetsis muaj corrosion.
Rau huab cua freight / courier (DHL / FedEx / UPS):Peb siv cov khoom hnyav- lub thawv ntawv thawv nrog cov npuas npuas sab hauv, haum rau cov khoom xa tuaj hauv qab 500kg.
FAQ
Q1: Puas yog C11000 zoo ib yam li C1100 tooj liab?
Teb: Yog - lawv yog cov khoom siv tib yam hauv cov npe sib txawv.C11000 yog ASTM / UNS tus qauv lub npe (siv hauv North America). C1100 yog JIS tus qauv npe (siv hauv Nyiv). Ob leeg muaj ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.9% purity thiab Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 100% IACS conductivity. A C1100 busbar yog hloov pauv tau nrog C11000 busbar.
Q2: Puas yog C11000 tooj liab oxygen -dawb?
Teb: Tsis yog - C11000 muaj 0.02-0.04% oxygen (200-400 ppm).Cov pa oxygen yog txhob txwm ntxiv thaum ua kom zoo dua los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Rau cov pa oxygen tiag tiag - tooj liab dawb, koj xav tau C10100 ( Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug 5 ppm oxygen) lossis C10200 ( Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10 ppm oxygen). Rau kev siv hluav taws xob feem ntau, cov pa oxygen hauv C11000 tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem.
Q3: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ETP tooj liab thiab OFHC tooj liab?
Teb: ETP (Electrolytic Tough Pitch) tooj liab muaj 0.02-0.04% oxygen; OFHC (Oxygen-Free High Conductivity) tooj liab muaj tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.001% oxygen.C11000 yog ETP tooj liab. C10100 thiab C10200 yog OFHC qib.Kev coj ua zoo ib yam (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 100% IACS).OFHC raug nqi 30-50% ntau dua thiab tsuas yog xav tau rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, hydrogen brazing, lossis cov ntawv thov cryogenic.
Q4: Kuv puas tuaj yeem vuam C11000 tooj liab busbar?
Teb: Yog, tab sis koj xav tau cov txheej txheem kom raug.C11000 tuaj yeem welded siv TIG (GTAW) lossis MIG (GMAW) cov txheej txheem nrog deoxidized muab tub lim hlau (xws li ERCu).Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem ua rau porosity yog tias cov khoom siv vuam tsis raug.Rau qhov tseem ceeb welded pob qij txha, xav txog siv C10100 los yog C10200 hloov, vim lawv vuam ntau huv si. Rau feem ntau cov kev sib txuas busbar, bolted pob qij txha yog nyiam dua vuam.
Q5: Puas yog C11000 haum rau hauv av thiab kev sib txuas?
Teb: Yog - nws yog cov khoom siv hauv av ntau tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb.C11000 kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 101% IACS), kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab cov khoom siv dag zog ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov phiaj xwm hauv av, cov khoom siv sib txuas, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Rau sab nraum zoov lossis ntug hiav txwv av, qhia meejtin -plated C11000 tooj liab busbarntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Q6: Puas yog C11000 tooj liab corrode nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv ib puag ncig?
Teb: Liab C11000 yuav tsim ib qho chaw patina (ntsuab los yog xim av tsaus) tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau conductivity.Nyob rau hauv cov ntug dej hiav txwv loj heev los yog kev lag luam ib puag ncig uas muaj ntsev ntau los yog sulfur,tin -plated C11000 yog pom zoo. Cov txheej tin muab ib qho kev fij tseg uas tiv thaiv cov tooj liab rau 20-30 xyoo. Peb cov ntsev tsuag tshuaj ntsuam qhia tau hais tias tin-plated C11000 withstandsNtau dua lossis sib npaug li 96 teev tsis muaj xeb liab.
Q7: Dab tsi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub rau C11000 busbar?
Teb: Rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, 105℃yog tus qauv siab tshaj plaws rau insulated busbars; mus txog 250℃rau liab qab busbars nrog clearances tsim nyog.Cov khoom nws tus kheej tsis degrade mus txog rau saum 500 degree. Qhov txwv yog los ntawm:
- Rwb thaiv tsev ntsuas (yog tias lub tes tsho lossis coated)
- Clearance rau lwm yam khoom
- Tiv tauj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pob qij txha (uas nce nrog kub)
For high-temperature applications (>150 degree), siv npib tsib xee -plated C11000tiv thaiv oxidation nto.
Q8: Kuv puas tuaj yeem khoov C11000 tooj liab busbar tsis tawg?
Teb: Yog – C11000 muaj ductility zoo heev thaum annealed zoo los yog txiav txim nyob rau hauv ib nrab -mob temper.Yam tsawg kawg bend radius cov lus qhia:
- Annealed (mos) temper:0.5 × thickness
- Ib nrab - nyuaj (H02) temper:1.5 × thickness
- Hard (H04) kub:3 × thickness (tsis pom zoo rau khoov)
Rau nruj khoov, peb pom zooannealed C11000 busbarlos yog kom peb ua qhov khoov (peb ntxhov siab-relief tom qab khoov). Tsis txhob khoov nyuaj- kub busbar - nws yuav tawg.
Tau Txais Cov Qauv Dawb & Kev Ntsuas
