Suav T1 tooj liab ASTM sib npaug
| Qib Suav | ASTM sib npaug | Oxygen- Dawb? | Koj puas tuaj yeem hloov tau? |
|---|---|---|---|
| T1 tooj | C10200 (TSI) | Yog lawm | Yog, rau ntau daim ntawv thov |
| T1 tooj | C10100 (TSI) | Yog lawm | Tej zaum, nyob ntawm purity yuav tsum tau |
| T1 tooj | C11000 (ETP) | Tsis muaj | Yog, tab sis overkill thiab kim dua |
Suav T1 tooj liab yog kwv yees li ASTM C10200thiab tuaj yeem hloov nws ncaj qha rau feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov engineering.
Suav T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C10200 tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg sib piv
| Element (max %) | Suav T1 | ASTM C10200 1 | Qhov txawv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tooj liab (min) | 99.97 | 99.95 | T1 yog 0.02% purer |
| Oxygen | 0.002 (20 ppm) | 0.001 (10 ppm) | C10200 muaj oxygen tsawg dua |
| Phosphorus | 0.002 | 0.002 | Ib yam |
| Hlau | 0.004 | 0.001 | C10200 yog nruj dua ntawm hlau |
| Coj | 0.003 | 0.001 | C10200 yog nruj dua ntawm txhuas |
| Nyiaj | Tsis tau teev tseg | 0.002 | Qhov txawv me me |
| Tag nrho impurities | 0.03 | 0.05 | T1 tso cai rau tsawg dua tag nrho cov impurities |
Qhov sib txawv me me. Ob leeg ua tau raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm oxygen- tooj liab dawb (oxygen qis dua 30 ppm rau C10200, qis dua 20 ppm rau T1). Rau qhov tiag -world engineering,Cov kev sib txawv no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C10200 hluav taws xob conductivity sib piv
| Khoom | Suav T1 | ASTM C10200 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Conductivity (% IACS) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 101% | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 100% (feem ntau 101%) |
| Resistivity ntawm 20℃(Ω·mm² / m) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.01707 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.01724 |
Puas yog 1% qhov sib txawv?Yuav luag txhua daim ntawv thov, tsis muaj. Lub busbar nqa 1000 amps yuav ua kom muaj cua sov li 1% yog tsim los ntawm T1. Qhov no tsis tshua pom.
Thaum nws tseem ceeb:Siab -tam sim no switchgear, efficiency-tseem ceeb systems, los yog daim ntawv thov thawb lub thermal txwv ntawm tooj liab. Rau 95% ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom,T1 thiab C10200 yog interchangeable ntawm conductivity.
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C10200 weldability thiab hydrogen embrittlement
| Khoom | Suav T1 | ASTM C10200 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen -dawb? | Yog lawm | Yog lawm |
| Hydrogen embrittlement txaus ntshai | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj |
| TIG weldability | Zoo heev | Zoo heev |
| MIG weldability | Zoo heev | Zoo heev |
| Brazing | Zoo heev | Zoo heev |
| Xav tau flux | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj |
Ob qib muaj kev nyab xeeb rau hydrogen atmospheres, kev pabcuam lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab kev siv vuam tseem ceeb.Qhov sib txawv me me tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm vuam.
Yog tias koj daim ntawv thov xav tau vuam lossis hydrogen huab cua raug, T1 thiab C10200 ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus.
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C10200 tuaj yeem siv sib hloov
Yog, rau ntau daim ntawv thov.
Cov ntawv thov uas qhov kev hloov pauv ncaj qha ua haujlwm:
Hluav taws xob busbars thiab switchgear
Transformer windings
Welded sib dhos
Nqus brazing Cheebtsam
Cov khoom siv Cryogenic
Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers
Grounding systems
RF tiv thaiv
Cov ntawv thov uas koj yuav tsum paub meej ua ntej:
Aerospace lossis tiv thaiv kev cog lus nrog cov khoom siv nruj heev
Cov cuab yeej kho mob nrog cov ASTM tshwj xeeb-tsuas yog cov cai
Daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj 99.95% yam tsawg kawg nkaus (T1 tshaj qhov no, zoo heev)
Cov neeg siv khoom cog lus uas txwv tsis pub suav cov khoom siv (qhov teeb meem lag luam, tsis yog kev)
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C11000 qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb
| Khoom | Suav T1 | ASTM C 11000 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tooj liab | 99.97% | 99.90% |
| Cov ntsiab lus oxygen | <20 ppm | 200-500 ppm |
| Oxygen -dawb? | Yog lawm | Tsis muaj |
| Conductivity (% IACS) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 101% | 100% |
| Weldability | Zoo heev | pluag |
| Hydrogen embrittlement txaus ntshai | Tsis muaj | Siab |
| Tus nqi txheeb ze | Siab dua | Lower (lub hauv paus) |
Vim li cas C11000 muaj ntau dua:Nws yog pheej yig dua los tsim. Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab qis dua 0.07% thiab cov ntsiab lus oxygen siab dua yog qhov siv tau rau ntau daim ntawv thov. Rau busbars, grounding, thiab hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm, C11000 yog tus qauv kev lag luam.
Vim li cas T1 zoo dua rau kev thov thov:Thaum koj xav tau vuam, hydrogen huab cua kev nyab xeeb, kev pabcuam lub tshuab nqus tsev, lossis qhov siab tshaj plaws conductivity, T1 outperforms C11000.
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C11000 conductivity sib piv
| Khoom | Suav T1 | ASTM C 11000 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Conductivity (% IACS) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 101% | 100% (tsawg kawg 99.5% rau ASTM) |
Qhov txawv puas muaj qab hau?Rau ntau daim ntawv thov, tsis muaj. C11000 ntawm 100% IACS twb zoo heev. Kev txhim kho 1% ntawm T1 tsis tshua pom.
Thaum T1 siab dua conductivity teeb meem:Siab -tam sim no busbars nyob rau hauv nruj enclosures, efficiency-tseem ceeb fais fab kev faib, los yog daim ntawv thov qhov twg txhua qib ntawm kub nce tseem ceeb.
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C11000 vuam thiab fabrication
| Fabrication txheej txheem | Suav T1 | ASTM C 11000 1 |
|---|---|---|
| TIG welding | Zoo heev | Tsis zoo (xav tau flux, siab porosity txaus ntshai) |
| MIG vuam | Zoo heev | pluag |
| Kuj welding | Zoo heev | Ncaj ncees |
| Brazing | Zoo heev | Zoo |
| Soldering | Zoo heev | Zoo heev |
| Txias khoov | Zoo heev | Zoo heev |
| Tshuab dhos | Zoo | Zoo |
| Stamping | Zoo heev | Zoo heev |
Thaum C11000 tau txais:Kev sib txuas tshuab nkaus xwb (bolted, clamped, lossis crimped). Tsis muaj vuam, tsis muaj hydrogen cua, tsis muaj kev pab cuam lub tshuab nqus tsev.
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C11000 uas koj yuav tsum hloov
| Koj qhov xwm txheej | Pom zoo hloov |
|---|---|
| Koj xav tau C11000 rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob | SivT2 tooj(99.90%, tsis yog oxygen-dawb, tus nqi qis) |
| Koj xav tau C11000 tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau vuam | SivT1 tooj(hloov mus rau oxygen -dawb) |
| Koj cov neeg siv khoom spec hais tias C11000 tab sis koj xav muab qhov zoo dua | T1 ua haujlwm, tab sis T2 yog qhov hloov ncaj qha |
| Koj xav tau cov pa oxygen- pub dawb | T1 yog qhov tseeb (C11000 tsis ua raws li qhov no) |
T1 tooj liab vs ASTM C10100 siab purity sib piv
| Khoom | Suav T1 | ASTM C10100 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tooj liab | 99.97% | 99.99% |
| Cov ntsiab lus oxygen | <20 ppm | <5 ppm |
| Conductivity (% IACS) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 101% | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 101% |
| Tus nqi txheeb ze | qis | Ntau dua |
T1 puas tuaj yeem hloov C10100?Rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov, yog. Qhov sib txawv ntawm 99.97% thiab 99.99% purity tsis pom nyob rau hauv tiag tiag -kev ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb.
Cov ntawv thov uas xav tau C10100:Cov khoom siv semiconductor tshwj xeeb heev, qee yam khoom siv hauv aerospace, thiab ultra- siab- lub tshuab nqus tsev qhov twg txhua qhov atom ntawm impurity tseem ceeb. Rau txhua tus,T1 txaus thiab tus nqi ntau dua - zoo.
Nkag siab Suav GB txuj vs ASTM tus qauv rau tooj liab
| Yam | Suav GB/T 5231 | ASTM B 152 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Wrought tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys | Daim ntawv tooj liab, sawb, phaj, thiab dov bar |
| Qib npe | T1, T2, T3, TU1, TU2, TP1, TP2 | C10100, C10200, C11000, thiab lwm yam. |
| Purity txhais | Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab tsawg kawg | Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab tsawg kawg |
| Kev faib tawm oxygen | Qhia meej hauv tus qauv | Qhia meej hauv tus qauv |
| Cov kev sim | Zoo sib xws tab sis tsis zoo ib yam | Zoo sib xws tab sis tsis zoo ib yam |
Vim li cas tib cov khoom muaj npe sib txawv:Cov qauv yog tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws. Ib yam khoom uas ua tau raws li ob qho qauv tau txais ob lub npe.T1 thiab C10200 yog tib yam khoom siv (oxygen-dawb tooj liab) nrog cov kev txwv me ntsis txawv.
Hla cov lus suav suav tooj liab qib rau ASTM sib npaug
| Suav GB Qib | Kev piav qhia | Qhov ze tshaj ASTM sib npaug | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | High-purity oxygen- dawb tooj liab | C10200 | Kev hloov ncaj qha rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov |
| T2 | Standard ntshiab tooj liab (99.90%) | C11000 | Direct hloov, feem ntau |
| T3 | Tsawg-purity ntshiab tooj liab (99.70%) | Tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ncaj qha | Tsis pom zoo rau kev siv |
| TU 1 | Oxygen-dawb tooj liab (siab purity) | C10200 | Zoo ib yam li T1, nruj dua ntawm oxygen |
| TU 2 | Oxygen-dawb tooj liab | C10200 | Zoo ib yam li T1 |
| TP 1 | Phosphorus deoxidized tooj liab | C12000 | phosphorus qis dua TP2 |
| TP 2 | Phosphorus deoxidized tooj liab | C12200 | Feem ntau rau cov kav dej thiab HVAC |
FAQ
1. Dab tsi yog ASTM sib npaug ntawm Suav T1 tooj liab?
Suav T1 tooj liab yog kwv yees sib npaug rau ASTM C10200 (Oxygen-Free Copper). T1 muaj 99.97% tsawg kawg nkaus tooj liab cov ntsiab lus thaum C10200 muaj 99.95% yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Ob leeg yog cov pa oxygen-dawb nrog cov ntsiab lus oxygen qis dua 20-30 ppm. Rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov engineering, T1 ncaj qha hloov C10200 yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv.
2. Puas yog Suav T1 tooj liab zoo ib yam li C10200?
Tsis zoo ib yam, tab sis kaw txaus rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov specifications txawv me ntsis: T1 yuav tsum tau 99.97% tooj liab yam tsawg kawg nkaus, C10200 yuav tsum tau 99.95% yam tsawg kawg nkaus. T1 tso cai rau cov pa ntau dua me ntsis (20 ppm vs 10 ppm rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb C10200). Hauv qhov tiag-kev ua tau zoo hauv ntiaj teb, qhov sib txawv no tsis muaj teeb meem rau 95% ntawm daim ntawv thov.
3. Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv Suav T1 hloov C10200?
Yog, rau ntau daim ntawv thov. Hluav taws xob busbars, transformer windings, welded los ua ke, lub tshuab nqus tsev brazing, cov khoom siv cryogenic, thiab cov cua kub exchangers tag nrho ua hauj lwm zoo kawg nkaus nrog T1 es tsis txhob C10200. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov ntawv cog lus uas xav tau ASTM-cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj lossis cov ntawv thov uas xav tau cov pa oxygen nruj tshaj plaws (hauv qab 10 ppm).
4. Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv Suav T1 hloov C11000?
Yog, tab sis nws yog overkill. T1 muaj purity ntau dua (99.97% vs 99.90%) thiab yog oxygen -dawb, thaum C11000 tsis yog. Yog tias koj xav tau C11000 kev ua tau zoo, T2 tooj liab (99.90%) yog tus nqi ncaj qha thiab ntau dua - hloov tau zoo. Siv T1 es tsis txhob C11000 tsuas yog thaum koj tseem xav tau cov pa oxygen{14}}cov khoom tsis pub dawb lossis weldability.
5. Puas yog T1 zoo dua C11000?
Rau kev thov thov, yog. T1 muaj ntau dua purity, siab dua conductivity (Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 101% IACS vs 100% IACS), tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement txaus ntshai, thiab zoo weldability. Rau cov qauv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm uas C11000 ua haujlwm zoo, T1 tsis yog "zoo dua" - nws tsuas yog kim dua uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntsuas. "Zoo" nyob ntawm koj daim ntawv thov.
6. Puas yog T1 oxygen -dawb zoo li C10200?
Yog lawm, T1 raug cais raws li oxygen- tooj liab dawb. Suav tus qauv GB / T 5231 yuav tsum T1 kom muaj cov pa oxygen hauv qab 0.002% (20 ppm). ASTM C10200 xav tau cov pa oxygen qis dua 0.001% (10 ppm) rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb tab sis tso cai rau 0.003% (30 ppm) hauv lwm tus. Ob leeg ua tau raws li lub ntsiab lus thoob ntiaj teb ntawm oxygen - tooj liab dawb.
7. Qhov txawv ntawm T1 thiab C10100 yog dab tsi?
Purity. C10100 xav tau 99.99% yam tsawg kawg nkaus tooj liab thiab oxygen qis dua 5 ppm. T1 xav tau 99.97% tsawg kawg nkaus tooj liab thiab oxygen qis dua 20 ppm. Rau ntau daim ntawv thov, qhov sib txawv no tsis muaj teeb meem. Rau ultra-xav tau cov ntawv thov xws li qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv dav hlau, C10100 yuav tsum tau. T1 tsis yog qhov hloov pauv ncaj qha rau C10100 yog tias tus neeg siv khoom xav tau 99.99% purity.
11. T1 puas tuaj yeem hloov C10100 rau lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum?
Rau feem ntau lub tshuab nqus tsev brazing daim ntaub ntawv, yog. Qhov sib txawv ntawm 99.97% thiab 99.99% purity yog tsis pom nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev brazing kev ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ultra- siab- lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb qhia meej yuav tsum tau C10100. Xyuas koj cov neeg siv khoom specification. Yog tias nws hais tias "C10100 lossis sib npaug," T1 tsim nyog. Yog hais tias "C10100 nkaus xwb," nws tsis yog.
Kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab tshuaj xyuas rau T1 tooj liab
| Kuaj | Dab tsi peb kuaj | Kev lees txais |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg | Cu cov ntsiab lus, oxygen, impurities | Cu Ntau dua lossis sib npaug 99.97%, O<20 ppm |
| Hluav taws xob conductivity | % IACS ntawm 20 degree | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 101% IACS |
| Tensile xeem | Lub zog thiab elongation | Raws li temper xav tau |
| Kev kuaj Hardness | Vickers los yog Rockwell | Raws li temper xav tau |
| Dimensional soj ntsuam | Thickness, dav, ntev, txoj kab uas hla | Raws li kev txiav txim specs |
| Nto zoo | Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag | Tsis muaj teeb meem |
Thib peb-kev tshuaj xyuas tog muaj:SGS, BV, lossis lwm tus neeg thib peb tau lees paub ntawm koj qhov kev thov.
Ntim ntawm T1 Khoom Copper rau International Shipping
| Daim ntawv | Ntim Txoj Kev |
|---|---|
| Daim ntawv thiab phaj | Ntoo pallet + yas zaj duab xis + steel hlua |
| Sawb thiab coil | Ntoo spool lossis steel coil + yas qhwv + ntoo crate |
| Qws thiab bar | Bundled nrog steel straps + yas zaj duab xis + ntoo pallet |
| Busbar | Kev cai ntoo crate nrog dividers + xeb - ntawv tiv thaiv |
Peb lub Hoobkas thiab cov khoom siv rau T1 Copper Production
| Khoom siv | Muaj nuj nqi |
|---|---|
| Melting rauv | Melts siab -purity cathode tooj liab |
| Nruam casting kab | Ua tau tooj liab slab los yog pas nrig |
| Kub dov zeb | Txo cov thickness ntawm cam khwb cia slab |
| Txias dov zeb | Precision thickness txo |
| Sawb slitting kab | Txiav dav coil mus rau hauv nqaim strips |
| Txiav - mus rau - kab ntev | Txiav daim ntawv thiab phaj kom loj |
| Annealing rauv | Softens tooj liab rau annealed temper |
| Tshuab kos duab | Tsim ib puag ncig pas nrig thiab hlau |
| Busbar extrusion kab | Tsim kev cai busbar profiles |
| Quality lab | Chemical, mechanical, hluav taws xob kuaj |
