Plaub Tsev Neeg ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tooj
Liab tooj liab, tseem hu ua tooj liab ntshiab, yog tooj liab nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv elemental. Vim nws cov xim liab liab thiab oxide zaj duab xis uas tsim rau ntawm nws qhov chaw, nws feem ntau tau piav qhia yooj yim li tooj liab. Suav wrought tooj liab cov ntaub ntawv faib ua plaub pawg: zoo tib yam tooj liab T1, T2, T3 thiab T4; oxygen dawb tooj liab TU1 thiab TU2 ua ke nrog cov qib siab purity thiab nqus pa oxygen dawb; deoxidized tooj liab TUP thiab TUMn; thiab tshwj xeeb tooj liab, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug me me ntawm alloying ntsiab yog ntxiv los txhim kho ib tug tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej, npog arsenic tooj liab, tellurium tooj liab thiab nyiaj tooj liab.
Tooj liab muaj hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal conductivity thiab zoo heev plasticity, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm kub thiab txias. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog vim li cas cov qib tooj liab ntshiab yog siv ntau rau cov hlau, cable, txhuam, hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob machining electrodes thiab lwm yam khoom uas nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab. T2, feem ntau siv los ntawm cov qib zoo tib yam, nqa qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 99.90% tooj liab ntxiv rau cov nyiaj hauv GB / T 5231, uas yog qib uas khaws cov conductivity nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov khoom lag luam thaum tseem pheej yig.
Brass: tooj liab thiab zinc
Brass yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc nrog cov xim daj daj. binary tooj liab-zinc alloy yog hu ua tooj dag zoo tib yam, thiab cov hlau uas muaj ntau tshaj ob lub ntsiab lus hu ua tooj dag tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv zinc nce lub zog, hardness thiab machinability thaum txo cov conductivity, thiab nws kuj hloov xim ntawm liab mus rau daj raws li zinc cov ntsiab lus nce. Brass muaj zog hnav tsis kam, yog vim li cas nws yog siv rau li qub, kav dej, cua txias kev sib txuas cov kav dej hauv tsev thiab sab nraud, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Kev lag luam tooj dag sawb feem ntau muaj 55 - 70 % tooj liab nrog qhov sib npaug zinc, thiab 62 % thiab 65 % tooj liab qib H62 thiab H65 ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov sawb thiab raj ua lag luam. Brass yog tsim rau ASTM B36 / B36M rau phaj, ntawv, sawb thiab dov bar, nrog GB / T 5231 tsim rau cov khoom wrought thiab EN 1412 cov ntaub ntawv tus lej rau European xaj.
Bronze: tooj liab nrog Tin los yog txhuas
Bronze yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws alloy nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm hlau smelting. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tin los yog ua rau cov tooj liab ntshiab thiab nws muaj keeb kwm tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb nrog rau cov nqi lag luam niaj hnub no. Lub ntsiab ntau yam yog tin bronze, txhuas bronze thiab tshwj xeeb bronze, kuj hu ua high tooj liab alloy. Piv nrog cov tooj liab ntshiab, bronze muaj lub zog ntau dua thiab qis dua cov ntsiab lus: tooj liab nrog 25% tin melts ntawm txog 800 degree, whereas ntshiab tooj liab melts ntawm 1083 degree. Bronze kuj cam khwb cia zoo thiab muaj kev hnav tsis kam thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, uas ua rau nws tsim nyog rau casting txhua yam khoom siv, khoom siv kho tshuab, bearings thiab zog. Tin-phosphor bronze, nrog 3 - 10 % tin thiab 0.03 - 0.35 % phosphorus, yog cov qauv feem ntau teev rau bearings, bushes, gears thiab springs, thiab nws yog tsim los rau ASTM B139 / B139M rau pas nrig thiab bar, ASTM B103 / B103M rau European daim ntawv, thiab cov ntawv tsim, thiab cov ntaub ntawv Japanese.
Cov Qauv, Cov Qauv thiab Kev Xaiv
| Tsev neeg | Hom npe | Cov ntaub ntawv muab khoom tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Ordinary tooj | T1, T2, T3, T4 | Hlau, cable, sawb, ntawv, tsheb npav bar, raj |
| Oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab | TU 1, TU2 | Tube, sawb, bar, lub tshuab nqus tsev twj |
| Deoxidized tooj liab | TUB, TUM | Tube, yeeb nkab, ntawv, fittings |
| tooj liab tshwj xeeb | Arsenic, tellurium, nyiaj tooj liab | Qws, bar, hu, condenser raj |
| tooj dag | H62, H65, H68, C26000, C26800 | Sawb, raj, pas nrig, fittings, kho vajtse |
| Bronze | Tin bronze, aluminium bronze, phosphor bronze | Qws, bar, casting, bearing, iav Tshuag |
Wrought tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy designations yog teem tawm nyob rau hauv GB / T 5231, nrog GB / T 2059 npog tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy sawb thiab ASTM B152 / B152M npog tooj liab phaj, ntawv, sawb thiab dov bar. Cov txheej txheem European naj npawb tau txhais los ntawm EN 1412, thiab ISO 1190-1 muab cov kev cai tsim thoob ntiaj teb, yog li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas sau rau hauv ib lub kaw lus tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm qhov yam tsis hloov cov khoom siv.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Tsev Neeg Zoo
Qhov kev xaiv pib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib feem. Qhov twg hluav taws xob lossis thermal conductivity yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, siv qib zoo tib yam lossis oxygen dawb tooj liab, thiab cov qib oxygen dawb raug xaiv thaum twg qhov yuav raug brazed lossis annealed nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txo qis. Qhov twg ib feem yuav tsum tiv taus hnav, tuav ib txoj xov los yog machined ntawm kev kub ceev, tooj dag feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua, nrog rau nws qis conductivity txais raws li kev lag luam tawm. Qhov twg muaj zog, hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj yuav tsum tau ua ke, bronze yog xaiv. Qhov twg yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, xws li kev ua haujlwm dawb hauv cov hlau lead- cov khoom siv dawb lossis txhim kho softening tsis kam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tsev neeg tooj liab tshwj xeeb muab cov lus teb los ntawm arsenic, tellurium lossis nyiaj ntxiv.
Tag nrho rau tsev neeg tau muab los ua lub raj thiab yeeb nkab, phaj, ntawv, sawb, coil, bar, pas nrig, hlau, profile thiab fittings, nrog rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, txhua yam khoom thiab qhov ntev tau lees paub rau txhua qhov cua sov. Kev xaiv yuav tsum hais txog tsev neeg thiab qib, tus qauv siv, kev npau taws, qhov ntev nrog kev ua siab ntev thiab cov ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov khoom xa tuaj zoo li daim duab raws nraim.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm T2 tooj liab thiab TU1 tooj liab yog dab tsi?
A: T2 yog ib qho tooj liab zoo tib yam nrog tsawg kawg 99.90% tooj liab ntxiv rau cov nyiaj thiab tswj cov ntsiab lus oxygen. TU1 yog ib qho oxygen dawb tooj liab nrog oxygen txwv rau qib qis heev, uas tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hydrogen embrittlement thaum brazing thiab annealing.
Q: Dab tsi ua rau tooj dag sib txawv ntawm bronze?
A: Brass yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc, thaum bronze yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab nrog tin lossis txhuas. Bronze muaj zog dua thiab yooj yim dua rau kev siv lub tshuab rau tus nqi them, qhov bronze muaj zog dua, zoo dua hnav tsis kam thiab qis dua qhov taw tes rau casting.
Q: Vim li cas bronze muaj qhov qis qis dua li tooj liab?
A: Cov tin ntxiv txo cov ntsiab lus melting, yog li bronze nrog 25% tin melts ntawm txog 800℃piv nrog 1083℃rau cov tooj liab ntshiab. Qhov qis melting kub yog ib qho laj thawj bronze cam khwb cia zoo.
Q: Tsev neeg tooj liab twg yuav tsum siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob?
A: Cov tooj liab zoo ib yam li T2 lossis oxygen dawb tooj liab xws li TU1, nyob ntawm seb qhov yuav raug cua sov hauv qhov chaw txo qis. Ob leeg muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws conductivity, thiab cov qib tooj liab tshwj xeeb tsuas yog siv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb machining lossis cov cuab yeej kub xav tau.
Q: Dab tsi yog cov qib tooj liab tshwj xeeb siv rau?
A: Arsenic tooj liab resists softening thiab yog siv rau condenser raj, tellurium tooj liab tshuab dawb rau kev sib cuag thiab connectors, thiab nyiaj tooj liab resists softening ntawm siab kub rau tsheb npav bar thiab commutator ua hauj lwm.
Q: Cov qauv twg tswj hwm cov kev faib tawm?
A: GB / T 5231 rau wrought tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy designations, GB / T 2059 rau sawb, ASTM B152 / B152M rau tooj liab ca khoom, ASTM B36 / B36M rau tooj dag, ASTM B103 / B103M thiab ASTM B139 / B152 forEN Cov khoom siv European thiab ISO 1190-1 rau kev tsim qauv thoob ntiaj teb.
