1. tooj dag
(1) Ordinary tooj dag: Nws yog ib qho alloy uas muaj tooj liab thiab zinc. Thaum cov ntsiab lus zinc tsawg dua 39%, zinc tuaj yeem yaj hauv tooj liab los ua ib theem ib, uas yog hu ua ib-theem tooj dag. Nws muaj cov yas zoo thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm kub thiab txias. Thaum cov ntsiab lus zinc ntau dua 39%, muaj ib theem ib thiab ib qho kev daws teeb meem b raws li tooj liab thiab zinc, uas yog hu ua dual-theem tooj dag. b ua rau lub plasticity tsawg thiab lub zog tensile siab. Nws tsuas yog tsim rau kev kub siab ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias qhov loj feem ntawm zinc tseem nce ntxiv, lub zog tensile txo qis thiab nws tsis muaj nqi siv. Tus lej yog sawv cev los ntawm "H + tus lej", H sawv cev rau tooj dag, thiab tus lej sawv cev rau feem ntau ntawm tooj liab. Piv txwv li, H68 sawv cev rau tooj dag nrog tooj liab cov ntsiab lus ntawm 68% thiab zinc ntsiab lus ntawm 32%. Cam khwb cia tooj dag muaj "Z" ua ntej tus lej, xws li ZH62. Piv txwv li, Zcuzn38 sawv cev rau cam khwb cia tooj dag nrog zinc ntsiab lus ntawm 38% thiab cov seem yog tooj liab. H90 thiab H80 yog ib theem thiab kub daj, yog li lawv tau sau ua ke hu ua kub, thiab hu ua plating, decorations, medals, thiab lwm yam. H68 thiab H59 yog cov tooj dag duplex, uas yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li bolts, txiv ntseej, ntxhua khaub ncaws, springs, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, ib leeg-theem tooj dag yog siv rau txias deformation ua thiab duplex tooj dag yog siv rau kub deformation ua.
(2) Cov tooj dag tshwj xeeb: Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lwm cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv rau cov tooj dag zoo tib yam hu ua tooj dag. Feem ntau cov khoom ntxiv muaj xws li txhuas, tin, txhuas, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem hu ua txhuas tooj dag, tooj dag, thiab txhuas tooj dag raws li. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying. Nws yog tsuas yog los txhim kho tensile lub zog thiab processability. Code: "H + lub cim ntawm lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntxiv (tshwj tsis yog zinc) + pawg loj ntawm tooj liab + pawg pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv + pawg loj ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus". Piv txwv li, HPb59-1 txhais tau hais tias cov tooj dag txhuas nrog ib feem ntawm 59% tooj liab, ib feem ntawm 1% ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntxiv, thiab cov seem yog zinc.
2. Bronze: Tsuas yog tooj liab thiab dawb tooj liab, lwm yam tooj liab alloys yog sib sau ua ke hu ua bronze. Bronze yuav muab faib ua tin bronze thiab tshwj xeeb bronze (ie Wuxi bronze). Code: Txoj kev sawv cev yog tsim los ntawm "Q + lub cim thiab pawg loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv + cov feem loj ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus". Rau cov khoom cam khwb cia, "Z" yog ntxiv ua ntej cov cai, xws li: Qal7 sawv cev rau txhuas bronze nrog 7% txhuas thiab tus so tooj liab. ZQsn10-1 sawv cev rau cam khwb cia tooj liab tooj liab nrog 10% tin, 1% lwm yam alloying ntsiab, thiab tus so tooj liab.
(1) Tin bronze: Nws yog tooj liab-tin alloy nrog tin ua lub ntsiab ntxiv, tseem hu ua tin bronze.
Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin tsawg dua 5 ~ 6%, tin dissolves nyob rau hauv tooj liab los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem, thiab cov yas nce ntxiv. Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin ntau dua 5 ~ 6%, vim qhov pom ntawm Cu31sb8-raws li cov kua nplaum, lub zog tensile txo qis, yog li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tin bronze feem ntau yog 3 ~ 14%. Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin tsawg dua 5%, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua kom txias deformation, thiab thaum cov ntsiab lus tin yog 5 ~ 7%, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm kub deformation. Thaum cov ntsiab lus tin ntau dua 10%, nws tsim nyog rau casting. Txij li thaum lub a thiab & electrode muaj peev xwm zoo sib xws, thiab cov tin nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim cov tin dioxide zaj duab xis tuab tom qab nitridation, corrosion kuj mus rau huab cua thiab dej hiav txwv nce, tab sis cov kua qaub kuj tsis zoo. Vim hais tias qhov kub ntawm crystallization ntawm tin bronze yog dav, lub fluidity tsis zoo, nws tsis yog yooj yim los tsim cov concentrated shrinkage kab noj hniav, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tsim dendrite segregation thiab dispersed shrinkage kab noj hniav, thiab cov casting shrinkage tus nqi me me, uas yog conducive. kom tau txais castings nrog ib tug loj heev ze rau lub casting pwm, yog li nws yog haum rau casting complex duab. Phab ntsa tuab yog loj, tab sis nws tsis haum rau cov castings uas yuav tsum tau muaj siab ceev thiab zoo sealing. Tin bronze muaj qhov zoo tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, tiv thaiv kev sib nqus thiab tsis tshua muaj kub toughness. Tin bronze tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg raws li cov txheej txheem ntau lawm: lub zog ua tiav tin bronze thiab cam khwb cia tin bronze.
A. Kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm tin bronze: Cov ntsiab lus tin feem ntau yog tsawg dua 8%, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub ua rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xws li daim hlau, strips, rods, thiab hlab. Tom qab hardening, nws lub zog tensile thiab hardness nce, thaum nws plasticity txo. Tom qab annealing, nws muaj peev xwm tuav tau siab tensile lub zog thiab txhim kho plasticity, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tau txais ib tug siab elastic txwv. Nws yog tsim rau cov cuab yeej uas yuav tsum tau muaj corrosion-resistant thiab hnav-resistant qhov chaw, elastic qhov chaw, anti-magnetic qhov chaw, thiab zawv zawg bearings thiab lub tes tsho hauv tshuab. Feem ntau siv yog Qsn4-3 Qsn6.5~0.1.
B. Cast tin bronze: Nws yog muab los ua ingots thiab cam khwb cia rau hauv castings los ntawm lub foundry. Nws yog tsim rau casting castings nrog complex duab tab sis tsawg ceev yuav tsum tau, xws li zawv zawg bearings, gears, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau siv yog ZQsn10-1 thiab ZQsn6-6-3.
(2) Tshwj xeeb bronze: lwm yam khoom ntxiv los hloov tin, lossis nws yog tin-dawb bronze. Feem ntau cov bronze tshwj xeeb muaj cov khoom siv ntau dua, hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion tsis kam tshaj tin bronze. Feem ntau siv yog txhuas bronze (QAL7 QAL5) thiab txhuas bronze (ZQPB30). Copper-based alloys nrog npib tsib xee ua lub ntsiab ntxiv yog silvery dawb thiab hu ua dawb tooj liab. Cov ntsiab lus nickel feem ntau yog 10%, 15%, thiab 20%. Cov ntsiab lus siab dua, cov xim dawb. Copper-nickel binary alloys hu ua tooj liab dawb. Copper-nickel alloys nrog manganese, hlau, zinc, thiab txhuas yog hu ua complex dawb tooj liab. Ntshiab tooj liab ntxiv rau npib tsib xee tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog, tiv thaiv corrosion, tsis kam, thiab thermoelectric zog. Kev lag luam dawb tooj liab tau muab faib ua cov qauv dawb tooj liab thiab hluav taws xob dawb tooj liab raws li kev ua tau zoo sib txawv thiab kev siv, uas ua tau raws li ntau yam kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob thiab thermal zog.
Cov qib zoo, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (%) (feem ntau): Sn (tin), Al (aluminium), Fe (hlau), Pb (lead), Sb (antimony), Bi (bismuth), Si (silicon), P ( phosphorus), Cu, tag nrho impurities.
