Tooj liab, dab tsi yog tooj dag, thiab dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv?
Ntau yam ntawm ntau cov hlau uas siv nyob rau hluav taws xob engineering thiab kev lag luam tau ua rau kev sib tham ntau hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam. Cov kev sib cav los ntawm cov neeg siv tsis tau ntawm cov khoom siv hlau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov sib txawv yog thaum siv cov hluav taws xob.
Tooj liab thiab tooj dag yog ob qho piv txwv ntawm cov hlau uas feem ntau sib xyaw. Thaum muab tso rau sab ib sab, koj tuaj yeem pom tias tooj liab thiab tooj daj zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv cov xim, thiab pom qhov sib txawv ntawm ob yuav tsum muaj kev tshaj lij. Txhawm rau zam kev siv cov hlau tsis raug rau koj qhov project, nkag siab txog cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav. Kab lus no yuav piav qhia txog cov teeb meem no kom meej rau kev txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj dag.
Ua ntej, peb nkag siab txog dab tsi tooj dag thiab tooj yog.
Tooj liab (tooj liab (liab tooj) yog ib qho ntawm cov kev sib tw ua ntej pom, kev ua tiav, thiab siv tib neeg. Qhov no yog vim tias tooj liab muaj nyob hauv nws lub xeev ntuj. Qhov no cov hlau ntshiab tau siv nyob rau lub sijhawm prehistoric los ua cov cuab yeej, riam phom, thiab ornaments. Tsis zoo li cov tsim hluav taws xob ua yeeb yam, nws yog cov hlau ntshiab uas yooj yim rau kev ua. Tooj liab tuaj yeem siv ib leeg los yog ua ke nrog lwm cov alloys thiab cov hlau ua kom zoo nkauj los ua cov txheej txheem ntawm alloys. Tooj liab yog tsim ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog hluav taws xob siab thiab thermal conductivity. Hauv nws daim ntawv purest, nws yog mos thiab malleable. Tau ntau txhiab xyoo, nws tau siv los ua cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv lwm cov alloys.
Tooj dag hais txog lub tooj liab alloy uas muaj ib qho nyiaj ntawm zinc. Vim li no, cov hlau no feem ntau yuam kev rau tooj liab. Brass kuj muaj kev tsim ntawm lwm cov hlau, xws li cov tin, hlau, txhuas, txhuas, silicon, thiab manganese. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lwm cov hlau yuav pab tsim cov kev sib txawv ntau dua ntawm cov yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, cov lej zinc hauv cov tooj daj yuav pab kom nce divility thiab lub zog ntawm tooj dag puag tooj liab khoom. Qhov siab dua cov zinc cov ntsiab lus hauv tooj dag, qhov hloov tau yooj yim heev ntawm alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm zinc ntxiv, nws cov xim tuaj yeem los ntawm liab mus rau daj.
Brass yog feem ntau siv rau cov laj thawj zoo nkauj vim nws zoo siab rau cov kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim nws txoj kev ua haujlwm kav ntev thiab ua haujlwm, nws feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov twj paj nruag.
Cia muab ntsuas qhov sib txawv 17 sib txawv ntawm tooj dag thiab tooj liab.
Hauv seem no, peb yuav muab cov ncauj lus piav qhia ntawm 17 sib txawv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab, tom qab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Qhovlus muaj pes tsawg
Cov hlau ob qho no tuaj yeem txawv los ntawm lawv cov khoom lag luam theem pib. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, tooj liab yog lub hauv paus ntshiab hlau nrog hluav taws xob siab. Nws cov qauv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li ntawm cov nyiaj thiab kub. Tooj dag, ua hlau, yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc. Tsis zoo li tooj liab, nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam theem pib nyob ntawm daim foos Alloy. Cov khoom lag luam uas tshwm sim ntawm tooj dag suav nrog nws lub homchaw tseem ceeb, tooj (CU) thiab zinc (Zn), tab sis nyob ntawm ib daim ntawv alloy, nws yuav muaj cov hauv qab no:
· Txhuas (AL)
· ·Es
Ih Hlau (Fe)
Nag (Pb)
· Nickel (NI)
· Photosphorus (p)
· Silicon (Si)
· Sulfur (s)
· Tir (SN)
Corrosion Kuj
Corrosion kuj tseem siv tau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ob co co. Cov hlau tsis siv hlau, ua rau nws ntxim rau cov xeb. Tooj liab, sijhawm sijhawm, oxidizes, tsim ntsuab patina. Qhov no tiv thaiv lub tooj liab hlau lub deg los ntawm kev corrosion ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, tooj dag, ib coloy ntawm tooj liab, zinc, thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus, kuj tseem corrosion {{} tiv taus. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, tooj dag muaj ntau xim kub thiab ntau dua corrosion tsis kam dua li tooj liab.
Hluav Taws Xob Kev Tshaj Tawm
Qhov sib txawv hauv cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm ntau cov hlau feem ntau tsis to taub. Txawm li cas los xij, kwv yees qhov kev coj ua ntawm cov khoom siv vim tias nws zoo ib yam li lwm cov khoom muaj peev xwm muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib qhov project. Qhov kev ua txhaum no yog qhov tshwm sim me ntsis hauv kev siv tooj dag es tsis txhob tooj liab hauv cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob.
Los ntawm kev sib piv, tooj liab yog tus qauv rau kev coj ua rau cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau. Cov kev ntsuas no yog qhia txog tus tooj liab mus rau tooj liab. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus tooj liab tsis muaj kev tawm tsam thiab yog 100% kev coj ua hauv kev nkag siab. Brass, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab tsuas muaj 28% ntawm kev ua haujlwm tooj liab.
Thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom siv tsuas yog ntsuas ntawm nws lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj cua sov. Qhov no thermal condies sib txawv los ntawm cov hlau rau hlau thiab yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum cov khoom siv tau siv hauv qhov siab- kub ua haujlwm. Lub thermal conductivity ntawm cov hlau ntshiab tseem pheej tas mus li nrog kev nce kub, thaum lub thermal conductivity ntawm ib qho kev nce qib nce nrog kev nce qib. Hauv qhov no, tooj liab yog hlau ntshiab, thaum tooj dag yog ib qho xwb. Hauv kev sib piv, tooj liab muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws, ntawm 223 BTU / (Tebchaws), thaum Brass BT kev coj ua ntawm 64 BTU / (Tebchaws).
Melting taw tes
Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv engineering. Qhov no yog vim hais tias, ntawm melting taw tes, tivthaiv tsis ua haujlwm yuav tshwm sim. Thaum cov khoom siv hlau mus txog nws qhov melting point, nws hloov los ntawm cov khoom siv rau lub xeev ua kua. Txij ntawm no, cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm.
Lwm qhov laj thawj yog cov hlau yooj yim rau hauv nws lub xeev ua kua. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab rau hauv kev xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj dag rau ib qhov project. Hauv cov ntsiab lus metric, tooj liab muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point ntawm 1084℃(1220℃melts ntawm 900℃thiab 940 degree. Qhov ntau ntawm tooj dag 'melting cov ntsiab lus yog ntaus nqi rau nws cov khoom sib txawv.
Kev nyuaj
Ib yam khoom siv tawv tawv yog nws lub peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ib cheeb tsam, uas tuaj yeem ua los ntawm indentermined geometry nyob rau ntawm cov hlau tiaj ntawm cov hlau hauv qab cov khoom ua ntej. Tooj dag, ua hlau, muaj zog dua tooj liab. Ntawm lub hardness nplai, tooj dag 'hardness ranges los ntawm 3 mus rau 4. Tooj, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj lub hardness ntawm 2.5 txog 3 ntawm cov hlau Harness daim phiaj. Tooj dag yog cov khoom ntawm sib txawv ntawm tooj liab ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc. Cov siab dua cov cov ntsiab lus zinc ntau dua, muaj ntau dua tus brass 'hardness thiab duction.
Qho hnyav
Thaum muab cov tes taw hnyav ntawm cov hlau, dej tuaj yeem xaiv tau ua ib qho kev nqus ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus Qhov no qhia tau tias tooj liab yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws, nrog qhov ntom ntawm 8,930 kg / m³. Brass, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj qhov ntom ntom los ntawm 8,400 kg / mg rau 8,730 kg / mp, nyob ntawm nws cov khoom lag luam.
Yam ruaj khov
Lub durability ntawm cov khoom yog hais txog nws lub peev xwm los tswj kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo dua qub lossis txij nkawm thaum lub neej, txawm muaj cov nyom ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Ob qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam muaj nqis txog qib nyob hauv lawv cov ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, Tooj liab ua kom pom kev yooj yim tshaj plaws piv rau tooj dag.
Luam ntawv
Ib qho khoom siv cov khoom siv ua kom yog hais txog nws lub peev xwm yuav raug txiav (machined) kom ua tiav qhov ua tiav qhov ua tiav. Machining cov kev ua si muaj xws li milling, txiav, thiab tuag casting. Machinility tuaj yeem raug txiav txim siab los ntawm kev pom ntawm seb cov khoom yog tsim. Tooj dag, hauv kev sib piv, muaj lub tshuab raj ntau dua li tooj liab. Qhov no ua rau brass zoo rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau qib siab ntawm cov muaj peev xwm.
Muaj meej
Tooj liab cov khoom pov thawj tshwj xeeb formabilityal formabilityal tshwj xeeb los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov mic}}} qhov me me hlau nrog minimal mos annealing. Feem ntau, lub zog ntawm tooj liab alloys (xws li tooj dag) nce nyob rau hauv ncaj qha rau cov xwm thiab tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Txoj kev sib sau ua ke suav nrog kev tuag Casting, khoov, ncab, thiab sib sib zog nqus. Piv txwv li, cartridge tooj dag cov khoom ua kom sib sib zog nqus -} duab cov khoom. Hauv qhov tseem ceeb, tooj liab thiab tooj dag - tooj nkaws alloys nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb piv rau tooj dag.
Hwj txwv
Tooj liab tau yooj yim rau weld dua tooj dag. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus tooj dag alloys, tsuas yog cov uas muaj cov hlau txhuas, yog to taub. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov qis dua cov chav Zinc hauv Brass, qhov yooj yim nws yog rau Weld. Yog li ntawd, tooj dag nrog cov ntsiab lus zinc hauv qab no 20% muaj zoo solderability, thaum tooj dag nrog zinc cov ntsiab lus saum 20% muaj mob solderability. Thaum kawg, ntiab tawm brass hlau tsuas yog marginalally soldedable.
Raws li tau hais dhau los, txhuas - tin tin tooj dag alloys tsis yog toneyoy tsis t .... Raug rau cov siab kub siab, cov nqi ua kom txias, thiab cov nqi qeeb qeeb yuav tsum zam.
Paib lub zog
Tos lub zog yog suav tias yog qhov kev ntxhov siab tshaj plaws uas cov khoom pib mus tas li deform. Hauv kev sib piv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj dag, tooj dag muaj lub zog siab dua lub zog dua tooj liab. Txhawm rau pab txhawb cov lus thov no muaj 34.5 "Los ntawm txog 683 MPa (5, {5,3 MPa (4,830 psi).
Qhov kawg tensile lub zog
Lub zog tensile kawg ntawm cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv yog nws lub zog siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv pob txha. Tooj dag yog qhov nyuaj thiab muaj zog dua tooj liab, ua rau nws muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau rau kev ntxhov siab tawg. Qhov no piav qhia qhov kawg tensile lub zog ntawm tooj dag, tab sis nws tuaj yeem nce raws li theem ntawm theem pib. Tooj liab muaj qhov kawg tensile muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm 210 mpa (30,500 psi). Brass, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj qhov kawg tensile lub zog ntau ntawm 124-1030 MPa (18,000-150,000 PSI).
Tawv muaj zog
Shear lub zog yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kom yielding lossis cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb yog thaum nws ua tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lub zog shear yog lub zog uas ua rau cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom sib xyaw kom xaub raws lub dav hlau mus rau lub zog. Thaum ntsuas, nws yog qhov tseeb tias tooj dag muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws (35,000-48,000 psi), thaum tooj dag muaj qis tshaj (25,000 psi).
Xim
Tooj liab yog hlau ntshiab, thaum tooj dag yog ib qho kev tooj liab ntawm tooj liab. Yog li ntawd, xim ntawm tooj liab feem ntau txaus kom paub qhov txawv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj dag. Tooj liab feem ntau yog reddish {{2} xim av, nyob rau ntawm golden daj, suav nrog golden daj, suav nrog golden daj, suav nrog golden daj, suav nrog {}} kub, lossis nyiaj.
Lub tuam txhab muaj pawg ntawm cov coj tooj liab ua ntau lawm cov kab hauv Suav teb, suav nrog:
German tau yog precision tooj liab raj ntau lawm kab (ib xyoos tawm ntawm 30,000 tons)
Japanese technology Tooj liab ntawv tuav kab (thinnest txog li 6μm)
Tsis Siv Neeg Siab Tooj Liab Bar Nruam Extrusion Kab
Cov Ntawv Ntse Copper thiab Sawb Fining Mill Chav Tsev
Digitalized kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tau pom los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom lag luam, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag ± 0.01 hli.
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