Hlau nrog keeb kwm ntev - tooj liab
Tooj liab yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau qub tshaj plaws uas tau pom los ntawm noob neej.
Tuam Tshoj muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tooj liab. Kwv yees li ntawm rau lossis xya txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Suav tau tshawb pom thiab pib siv tooj liab. Xyoo 1973, ib qho khoom siv tooj liab tau pom los ntawm Jiangzhai qhov chaw hauv Lintong, Shaanxi Province, thiab tau txheeb xyuas tias yog tooj dag. Xyoo 1975, rab riam tooj liab tau pom los ntawm Majiayao Cultural Site ntawm Linjia hauv Dongxiang, Gansu Province (kwv yees li 3000 BC). Qhov no yog cov khoom siv tooj liab ntxov tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb thiab yog pov thawj tias Tuam Tshoj tau nkag mus rau Hnub Nyoog Bronze. Piv nrog rau West Asia, South Asia thiab North Africa, uas nkag mus rau Bronze Age txog 6,500 xyoo dhau los, Bronze Age nyob rau hauv Suav teb tuaj txog tom qab. Muaj ib lub sijhawm nyob hauv Suav teb thaum cov cuab yeej siv tooj liab thiab pob zeb tau siv ua ke, txij li 5,500 txog 4,500 xyoo dhau los. Tuam Tshoj tsim bronze alloys ntawm lub hauv paus no, uas yog tib yam li cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm bronze ware nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Hlau tooj liab, lub cim cim Cu, atomic hnyav 63.54, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus 8.92, melting point 1083 "C. Ntshiab tooj liab yog lub teeb sawv los yog lub teeb liab. ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Tooj liab thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam faib
Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm British Cov Khoom Siv Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm (CRU), tag nrho lub ntiaj teb refined tooj liab ntau lawm hauv 2018 yog 23.8826 lab tons, ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 3.05%. Lub tsib lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb yog Tuam Tshoj, Chile, Nyiv, Russia thiab Tebchaws Meskas. Kev tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm tsib lub tebchaws saum toj no suav nrog 64.70%. Nyob rau hauv 2018, lub ntiaj teb no tooj liab concentrate mov kuj yog xoob, kom ntseeg tau ib txwm zus tau tej cov tooj liab refined. Asia tseem yog thawj zaug hauv kev tsim cov tooj liab zoo, thiab Asmeskas thiab Africa tseem yog cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tooj liab ntub dej. Judging los ntawm cov qauv ntawm refined tooj liab ntau lawm nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos dhau los, Tuam Tshoj yog lub ntsiab contributor rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no refined tooj liab, thiab nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus smelting muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ob lub xyoos tom ntej no, Tuam Tshoj tus refined tooj liab ntau lawm yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev ceev expansion qib siab.
Raws li CRU cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas, kev siv tooj liab thoob ntiaj teb tau nce mus txog 23.5982 lab tons hauv xyoo 2018, nce xyoo 2.8%. Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Nyiv, thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb nyob rau ntawm tsib lub ntiaj teb cov neeg siv khoom siv tooj liab, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom siv tooj liab zoo ntawm 16.2534 lab tons, suav txog 68.88% ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Hais txog lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam, Asia tseem yog thaj av uas muaj kev noj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm refined tooj liab, thiab Tuam Tshoj tseem yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv tooj liab thoob ntiaj teb; Feem ntau cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas tau nyob ruaj khov lossis nce me ntsis, uas tseem tau txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv tooj liab thoob ntiaj teb. .
Kev siv tooj liab
Tooj liab yog ib yam hlau uas tsis yog ferrous zoo sib xws rau tib neeg. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob, lub teeb kev lag luam, machinery manufacturing, kev tsim kho kev lag luam, tiv thaiv kev lag luam thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Nws yog thib ob tsuas yog aluminium hauv kev noj cov khoom siv hlau tsis muaj hlau hauv Suav teb. Tooj liab yog hlau liab thiab kuj yog hlau ntsuab. Nws tau hais tias yog cov hlau ntsuab feem ntau vim tias nws muaj qhov qis melting thiab yooj yim rau remelt thiab resmelt, yog li nws pheej yig heev rau rov ua dua. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau casting tais diav, tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab thiab riam phom. Cov khoom siv nto moo tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom siv kos duab suav nrog Houmuwu Ding thiab Siyang Fangzun.
Hluav taws xob thiab Electronics Market
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob suav nrog kwv yees li 28% ntawm tag nrho. Xyoo 1997, ob lub khw no tau dhau los ua qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg siv tooj liab, nrog rau 25% kev lag luam. Hauv ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (xws li cov xov hlau, cov tsheb thauj mus los, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hnyav, cov xov tooj cua thiab cov xov tooj hluav taws xob), tooj liab muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, thiab tsuas yog tom qab 20 txog 50 xyoo tuaj yeem siv tooj liab hauv nws. Lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj tooj liab (xws li cov khoom siv me me thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) muaj lub neej ua haujlwm luv, feem ntau 5 txog 10 xyoo. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lag luam thiab cov khoom siv loj feem ntau siv dua tshiab vim tias lawv muaj lwm yam hlau muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau tooj liab. Tseem, cov nqi rov ua dua tshiab rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg vim tias lawv muaj tooj liab me me.
khoom siv thauj mus los
Cov khoom siv thauj khoom yog qhov thib peb loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam rau tooj liab, suav txog li 13% ntawm tag nrho, qhov pib zoo ib yam li xyoo 1960. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj mus los tsis tau hloov pauv, daim ntawv uas siv tooj liab tau hloov pauv ntau. Tau ntau xyoo, tsis siv neeg radiators yog cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam no; Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tooj liab hauv cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau loj hlob sai, thaum nws siv hauv kev ua lag luam kub exchanger tau poob qis. Qhov nruab nrab lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub tsheb yog 10-15 xyoo, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov tooj liab (xws li radiators thiab xaim) yog siv dua ua ntej nws tag nrho disassembled thiab siv dua.
Muaj tshuab thiab khoom siv
Kev lag luam tshuab thiab khoom siv yog lwm daim ntawv thov kev lag luam loj, qhov twg tooj liab nyiam muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Npib thiab caj npab yog cov neeg siv kawg hauv qhov no. Cov mos txwv tsis tshua siv dua, qee cov nyiaj npib tuaj yeem yaj tau, thiab ntau tus khaws cia los ntawm cov neeg sau lossis cov neeg khaws khoom thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Hauv kev tsim cov tshuab thiab thauj cov tsheb, nws yog siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam li qub thiab fittings, cov cuab yeej, cov bearings, pwm, kub exchangers thiab twj, thiab lwm yam.
Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj los tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, distillation pots, brewing pots, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv kev lag luam kev tiv thaiv, nws yog siv los ua cov mos txwv, phom loj, phom phom, thiab lwm yam. Rau txhua txhua 3 lab rounds ntawm cov mos txwv tsim, xav tau 13 mus rau 14 tons ntawm tooj liab.
Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, nws yog siv los ua ntau yam yeeb nkab, yeeb nkab fittings, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam.
