Vim li cas Copper Qib Xaiv Qhov Tseem Ceeb
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab thiab electrolytic tawv pitch tooj liab yog ob qho tib si siab -conductivity refined tooj liab, tab sis lawv haum cov kev pabcuam sib txawv. ETP tooj liab, UNS C11000, dominates general hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm vim nws sib npaug conductivity, formability thiab nqi. Oxygen-dawb tooj liab, UNS C10100 thiab C10200, yog xaiv qhov uas cov pa seem seem yuav ua rau embrittlement, outgassing lossis defects nto. Qhov kev xaiv los mus rau peb lo lus nug: dab tsi purity yuav tsum tau, yuav ua li cas ib feem yuav ua li cas, thiab tus txheej txheem tswj cov khoom daim ntawv yuav.
ETP Copper (UNS C11000) yog dab tsi?
ETP tooj liab yog electrolytically refined thiab tom qab ntawd yaj nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tswj uas tawm me me, txhob txwm tshaj tawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlau. Cov pa oxygen tsis yog qhov tsis xws luag: nws ua ke nrog cov khoom seem seem thaum lub sij hawm melting thiab pab tshem tawm lawv, uas tiv thaiv conductivity.
Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab: kwv yees li 99.9% yam tsawg kawg nkaus
Cov ntsiab lus oxygen: feem ntau 150 txog 400 ppm, lossis 0.015 txog 0.04%
Hluav taws xob conductivity: txog 100% IACS, nrog sib npaug siab thermal conductivity
Formability: zoo heev rau kev kos duab, khoov thiab dov
Kev txwv: cuam tshuam rau hydrogen embrittlement nyob rau hauv siab -kub hydrogen- kev pabcuam kabmob
Feem ntau siv yog fais fab cable conductors, busbars, transformer thiab motor windings, lub tsev thaiv, switchgear thiab kev lag luam fabrication.
Oxygen yog dab tsi -Ntshav tooj liab (UNS C10100 thiab C10200)?
Oxygen- tooj liab dawb yog melted thiab cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv oxygen -dawb los yog txo tej yam kev mob, yog li cov pa oxygen yog qhov tseem ceeb tshem tawm. Cov qib seem feem ntau qis dua 10 ppm, thiab hwm C10100 cov cua sov tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1 txog 5 ppm.
C10100: 99.99% tooj liab yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas tsis tshua muaj deoxidants, muab lub siab tshaj plaws conductivity ntawm wrought tooj liab
C10200: 99.95% yam tsawg kawg nkaus tooj liab, tus qauv oxygen -qib dawb rau feem ntau fabrication ua hauj lwm
Conductivity: txog 101% IACS rau C10100 thiab txog 100% IACS rau C10200, nrog kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua ntawm qhov kub siab
Cwj Pwm: tiv taus cov hydrogen embrittlement, tsawg outgassing hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab tsis muaj flaking thaum tsim hnyav
Tus nqi: siab dua ETP vim qhov tshwj xeeb melting xyaum thiab nruj txheej txheem tswj
Cov ntawv thov muaj xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab cov khoom siv accelerator, siab -voltage electrodes, cov khoom siv txheej txheem semiconductor, kho vajtse kho mob, siab -kawg suab thiab RF conductors, thiab brazed cov rooj sib txoos uas yuav tsum nyob twj ywm tawm - nruj tom qab thermal cycling.
Lub taub hau - mus rau - Lub taub hau sib piv thiab Hydrogen Embrittlement
| Khoom | ETP tooj liab (C11000) | Oxygen-Ntshav tooj liab (C10100 / C10200) |
|---|---|---|
| Cov ntsiab lus oxygen | 150-400 ppm | Hauv qab 10 ppm, feem ntau 1 txog 5 ppm |
| Tooj purity | Txog 99.9% yam tsawg kawg nkaus | 99.95% yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau C10200; 99.99% yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau C10100 |
| Hluav taws xob conductivity | Txog 100% IACS | Txog li 101% IACS, ruaj khov dua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| Hydrogen embrittlement | Risk nyob rau hauv ntub txo cov cua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Kev tiv thaiv zoo nyob rau hauv ib txwm brazing, annealing thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev voj voog |
| Vacuum cwj pwm | Tsis pom zoo rau lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum tseem ceeb | Tsawg outgassing, haum rau kev pab cuam lub tshuab nqus tsev |
| Tus nqi txheeb ze | qis | Siab dua |
| Tej daim ntawv thov | Hlau, cables, busbars, motors, transformers | Aerospace, kho mob, semiconductor, nqus tsev, suab |
Thaum ETP tooj liab yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug hydrogen -cov kabmob huab cua, yaj cov pa oxygen reacts nrog hydrogen los ua chav nyob ntawm cov ciam teb. Qhov tshwm sim sab hauv siab tawg cov hlau, thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj tsis pom ua ntej kev pabcuam. Brazing, annealing thiab sintering yog raws nraim cov txheej txheem uas qhov no tshwm sim, yog li cov fabricated sib dhos es tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv ntaub ntawv feem ntau txiav txim siab seb ETP tooj liab puas tau. Oxygen-dawb tooj liab muaj cov pa oxygen tsawg dhau los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawd, uas yog vim li cas siab - cov rooj sib txoos muaj kev ntseeg tau hais tias C10100 lossis C10200 thaum twg qhov chaw yuav ntsib hydrogen, ntub dej txo cov roj lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm qhov kub siab.
Cov Qauv, Cov Ntawv Xa Khoom thiab Kev Xaiv
| Qib | UNS npe | Cov qauv khoom siv tau | Cov ntawv muab khoom siv |
|---|---|---|---|
| ETP tooj | C11000 | ASTM B187 rau pas nrig, bar thiab cov duab; ASTM B152 rau phaj, ntawv thiab sawb; ASTM B49 rau pas nrig rau hluav taws xob lub hom phiaj | Busbar, pas nrig, hlau, sawb, ntawv, raj |
| Oxygen-dawb tooj liab | C10100 thiab C10200 | ASTM B170 rau oxygen-dawb electrolytic tooj liab refinery duab; ASTM B187 rau pas nrig, bar thiab cov duab; ASTM B152 rau phaj, ntawv thiab sawb | Qws, raj, hlau, sawb, phaj, kev cai duab |
Xaiv ETP tooj liab C11000 rau conductors thiab busbars, sab hauv tsev thaiv, lub cev muaj zog thiab transformer windings, thiab qhov chaw uas tsis yog brazed los yog annealed nyob rau hauv hydrogen.
Xaiv cov pa oxygen-dawb tooj liab C10100 qhov twg qhov siab tshaj plaws conductivity, lub tshuab nqus tsev ruaj khov thiab ua tiav kev tiv thaiv rau hydrogen embrittlement yuav tsum tau.
Xaiv cov pa oxygen-dawb tooj liab C10200 rau tib lub pa oxygen- tus cwj pwm dawb ntawm qhov nruab nrab purity ntau dua thiab tus nqi taw tes.
Qhia txog tus qauv, lub siab kub nyhiab xws li annealed O60 lossis nyuaj H04, thiab chav kawm kam rau ua ua ke, vim tias ib qib yog them los ntawm cov qauv sib txawv nyob ntawm daim ntawv khoom.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Puas yog oxygen- tooj liab dawb muaj ntau dua li ETP tooj liab?
Tsuas yog marginally. C10100 nce mus txog 101% IACS tawm tsam li 100% IACS rau C11000. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog conductivity stability thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm embrittlement ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Q: ETP tooj liab puas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov rooj sib txoos brazed?
Yog lawm, muab qhov chaw brazing yog qhuav thiab tsis muaj hydrogen lossis noo noo thiab qhov pom tsis muaj kev pabcuam txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Rau lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum los yog ntub dej txo cov cua, oxygen-dawb C10100 lossis C10200 yuav tsum tau teev tseg.
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm C10100 thiab C10200 yog dab tsi?
Ob leeg yog cov pa oxygen -dawb. C10100 yuav tsum tau 99.99% tooj liab yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas tsis tshua muaj deoxidants, thaum C10200 yuav tsum tau 99.95% tooj liab yam tsawg kawg nkaus. C10100 yog xaiv rau cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws thiab kev siv lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Q: Cov qauv twg siv rau tooj liab pas nrig, bar, phaj thiab sawb?
ASTM B187 npog tooj liab npav bar, pas nrig thiab cov duab rau lub hom phiaj dav dav, thiab ASTM B49 npog tooj liab pas nrig rau hluav taws xob lub hom phiaj. ASTM B152 siv rau phaj, ntawv thiab sawb, thiab ASTM B170 npog cov pa oxygen-dawb electrolytic tooj liab refinery duab.
Q: Puas yog oxygen - tooj liab dawb raug nqi ntau dua ETP tooj liab?
Yog lawm. Oxygen- cov qhab nia pub dawb nqa tau tus nqi vim yog qhov tshwj xeeb melting thiab casting xyaum thiab kev tswj kom zoo dua qub, thiab tus nqi no tsuas yog tsim nyog rau qhov twg hydrogen embrittlement, outgassing lossis siab tshaj conductivity tiag tiag.
Q: Yuav ua li cas cov qhab nia xa tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau?
Thov daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas zeb qhia cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev coj ua, thiab lees paub cov ntsiab lus oxygen los ntawm txoj kev pom zoo hauv kev yuav khoom. Kev tshawb xyuas ywj pheej los ntawm cov hluav taws xob emission spectrometry lossis inert gas fusion yog ib qho kev txiav txim tseem ceeb.
