tooj liab nyob rau hauv pawg 11 ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, nrog rau cov nyiaj thiab kub, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau no muaj xws li siab ductility thiab zoo hluav taws xob conductivity. Cov atoms ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv txheej txheej sab nraud, hauv s-sublayer, thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv d-sublayer, txheej txheej tom ntej. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm atoms yog dominated los ntawm metallic bonds tsim los ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub sublayer, thaum tag nrho d sublayer muaj me ntsis cuam tshuam. Tsis zoo li cov hlau atoms nyob rau hauv underfilled d sublayer, covalent tivthaiv ntawm metallic bonding nyob rau hauv tooj liab yog me me thiab tsis muaj zog, uas ua rau tsawg hardness thiab siab ductility ntawm ib tug crystal tooj liab. Macroscopically, dav qhov tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub lattice (xws li, grain ciam teb) impede lub ndlwg ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub siab thov, uas tsub kom lub hardness. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho ua rau tooj liab ua zoo-grained polycrystalline (Lus Askiv: polycrystal), uas yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj li ib leeg-crystal tooj liab.
Copper tsis tsuas yog mos, hluav taws xob conductivity (59.6 × 10 6 S / m), thermal conductivity (401 W / (mK)) kuj zoo, nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub nyob rau hauv cov hlau monomers tom qab silver.Qhov no yog vim nyob rau hauv chav tsev. kub, tooj liab yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj li ib leeg-crystal tooj liab. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov tsis kam ntawm electron txav hauv cov hlau ntawm chav tsev kub los ntawm kev tawg ntawm electrons vim thermal vibrations ntawm lub lattice, qhov tawg yog tsis muaj zog hauv cov hlau softer. [5] Qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no pub rau tooj liab nyob rau hauv qhov qhib cua yog 3.1 × 10 6 A / m 2 (hli ntu), thiab cov dej ntws ntau dua yuav overheat nws. [8] Galvanic corrosion tshwm sim thaum tooj liab yog juxtaposed nrog lwm yam hlau, xws li nrog rau lwm yam hlau. Tooj liab yog ib qho ntawm plaub hlau uas nws cov xim ntuj tsis zoo ib yam li lwm cov hlau.
Copper yog ib qho ntawm plaub yam hlau uas nws cov xim ntuj tsis yog grey lossis nyiaj, lwm qhov peb yog caesium, kub (daj) thiab osmium (xiav). Ntshiab tooj liab yog ib lub caij.Ntshiab tooj liab monomers yog txiv kab ntxwv-liab xim, poob lawv luster thiab tig liab thaum raug huab cua. Cov xim tshwj xeeb ntawm tooj liab no yog vim qhov hluav taws xob dhia ntawm tag nrho 3d sublayer thiab ib nrab-tag nrho 4s sublayer - lub zog sib txawv ntawm ob lub sublayers sib haum rau lub teeb txiv kab ntxwv. Tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov xim daj ntawm cesium thiab kub.
Txawm koj xav taucov kav dej tooj liab, tooj liab rods ,tooj liab daim hlau, peb muaj cov khoom thiab kev txawj ntse kom tau raws li koj xav tau.
