Super qhuav cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv-tob soj ntsuam ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm oxygen-dawb tooj liab thiab liab tooj liab, hom kev sib piv, tshuaj lom neeg kev sib piv, thermal kev sib piv, casting txheej txheem
1. Liab tooj liab (T1, T2, T3)
Liab tooj liab yog muaj ntshiab tooj liab. Vim tias nws muaj xim liab liab thiab oxide zaj duab xis yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw, nws hloov ntshav, yog li nws feem ntau hu ua liab tooj liab. Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab yog 99.5 ~ 99.95%. Nws yog tooj liab uas muaj qee yam ntawm cov pa oxygen, yog li nws tseem hu ua oxygen-muaj tooj liab. Qee zaum kuj pom zoo li tooj liab alloy. Cov qib tseem ceeb ntawm cov tooj liab zoo tib yam yog T1, T2, thiab T3, uas yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tooj liab zoo, thiab cov tooj liab-raws li alloys.
2. Oxygen-free tooj (TU0, TUI, TU2)
Ntawd yog, tooj liab ntshiab tsis muaj cov pa oxygen lossis ib qho deoxidizer residue, tab sis qhov tseeb nws tseem muaj cov pa oxygen ntau heev thiab qee qhov impurities. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab cov ntsiab lus impurity, oxygen-dawb tooj liab muab faib ua TU1 thiab TU2. Lub purity ntawm TU1 ncav cuag 99.97%, cov ntsiab lus oxygen tsis ntau tshaj 0.003%, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus impurity tsis ntau tshaj 0.03 %; Lub purity ntawm TU2 mus txog 99.95%, cov ntsiab lus oxygen tsis ntau tshaj 0.005%, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus impurity tsis ntau tshaj 0.05%.
3. Liab tooj liab / oxygen-dawb tooj liab series qib
01. Nrog ntawv ci
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02.Plate
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03.; cev
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04. Pub
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4. Kev sib piv tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
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5. Kev sib piv ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub
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6. Qhov txawv ntawm liab tooj liab thiab oxygen-dawb tooj liab
01. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv
(1) Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tooj liab liab: T1 thiab T2 feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thermal conductive thiab corrosion-resistant Cheebtsam, xws li xov hlau, cables, conductive screws, shells thiab ntau yam conduits, thiab lwm yam. T2 feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam aviation. T3 feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv, xws li ua hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, ntxhua khaub ncaws, rivets, nozzles thiab ntau yam conduits, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv qee yam khoom siv.
(2) Kev siv tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen: Nws yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nqus hluav taws xob, thiab siv dav hauv cov tsheb npav, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, waveguides, coaxial cables, lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, lub tshuab nqus tsev, cov khoom siv transistor, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo
(1) Cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm tooj liab liab: Ntawm 20 degree, qhov ceev ntawm 99.999% ua tiav tooj liab ntshiab yog 8958kg / m3, qhov ceev ntawm cam khwb cia electrolytic refined tooj liab yog 8300 ~ 8700kg / m3 (qhov nruab nrab tus nqi yuav yog 8500kg / m3), thiab tsis muaj roj hauv lub xeev cam khwb cia Qhov ceev ntawm electrolytic refined tooj liab yog 8850 ~ 8930kg / m3 (qhov nruab nrab tus nqi yuav yog 8920kg / m3), thiab qhov ceev ntawm C11000 thiab C12500 yog 8890kg / m3.
(2) Cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm oxygen-dawb tooj liab: Ntawm 20 degree, lub shrinkage tus nqi ntawm oxygen-dawb tooj liab thaum solidification yog 4.92%, thiab qhov ceev yog 8.94g / cm3.
Sib nqus sib txawv
(1) Magnetism ntawm liab tooj liab: liab tooj liab yog cov khoom siv diamagnetic nrog cov hlau nplaum sib nqus ntawm -0.085 × 10-6 ntawm chav tsev kub. Kub muaj me ntsis cuam tshuam rau nws magnetic susceptibility. Yog tias ferromagnetic impurities (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hlau) yog insoluble hauv tooj liab, tooj liab yuav dhau los ua ferromagnetic.
(1) Magnetism of oxygen-free tooj: Oxygen-free copper is diamagnetic, with a magnetic susceptibility of -0.085 × 10-6 at room temperature.
7. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm
Tooj
1. Smelting thiab casting txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Siv reverberatory rauv melting lossis fais fab zaus cored induction rauv melting; siv tooj liab pwm los yog hlau pwm rau casting. Thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem, cov pa roj yuav tsum tau txo kom ntau li ntau tau, thiab calcined charcoal yuav tsum tau siv raws li ib tug flux, thiab phosphorus kuj yuav siv tau raws li ib tug deoxidizer. Cov txheej txheem casting yog ua raws li kev tiv thaiv nitrogen los yog npog nrog soot. Qhov pom zoo casting kub yog 1150-1230 degree thiab cov linear shrinkage tus nqi yog 2.1%.
2. Moulding txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Nws muaj cov khoom txias thiab kub ua haujlwm zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua, xws li kos duab, dov, sib sib zog nqus nqus, dabtsi yog khoov, npib thiab spinning, thiab lwm yam. Thaum lub sij hawm thermal ua, cua sov nruab nrab cua yuav tsum tau tswj kom nws me ntsis. oxidizing. Thermal processing kub yog 800-950 degree .
3. Welding txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau solder thiab braze, thiab kuj tseem siv tau rau roj shielded vuam, flash vuam, electron beam vuam thiab roj vuam, tab sis nws tsis haum rau kev sib cuag taw tes pob tw vuam thiab submerged arc vuam.
4. Txiav thiab sib tsoo txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Lub machinability ntawm liab tooj liab yog 20%.
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab
1. Smelting thiab casting txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab yog tsuas yog smelted siv fais fab zaus cored induction furnaces. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm cov pa oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab, "concentrate sealing" yuav tsum ua tiav, uas yog, cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum yog electrolytic tooj liab uas muaj w (Cu) > 99.97% thiab w (Zn) < 0. 003%. Thaum lub sij hawm smelting, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog kom txo tau qhov chaw ntawm cov pa, thiab Siv calcined charcoal los npog, thiab ib tug kab ntawm phosphorus kuj yuav ntxiv raws li ib tug deoxidizer. Cov ingots raug cam khwb cia siv ib nrab-nruam casting txheej txheem nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv nitrogen los yog soot kev pab them nqi. Casting kub yog 1150-1180 degree .
2. Moulding txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Oxygen-dawb tooj liab muaj qhov txias txias thiab kub ua haujlwm zoo thiab tuaj yeem ncab, dov, extruded, khoov, punched, sheared, spun, chim siab, forged, forged, threaded, knurled, mob, thiab muaj zoo forgeability. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog 65% ntawm forged tooj dag. Thermal processing kub yog nqa tawm ntawm 800-900 degree .
3. Welding txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua fusion vuam, mos soldering, brazing, roj shielded tungsten arc vuam, thiab roj shielded hlau arc vuam. Nws cov pa oxygen roj welding kev ua tau zoo. Shielded hlau arc vuam thiab feem ntau kuj welding txoj kev tsis pom zoo.
4. Txiav thiab sib tsoo txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo:
Lub machinability ntawm oxygen-dawb tooj liab yog 20% ntawm cov dawb-txiav tooj dag HPb63-3.
8. Smelting ntawm oxygen-dawb tooj liab
Kev sib txawv nruj me ntsis, cov tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen yuav tsum tau muab faib ua cov pa oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab zoo tib yam thiab cov pa oxygen-dawb tooj liab siab. Ordinary oxygen-free tooj yuav tsum tau smelted nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim zaus hlau core induction rauv, thaum high-purity oxygen-dawb tooj liab yuav tsum tau smelted nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev induction rauv.
Thaum siv ib nrab-nruam casting, cov txheej txheem refining ntawm cov yaj nyob rau hauv lub melting rauv thiab tuav lub cub tawg yuav tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub sij hawm txwv. Kev nruam nruam yog txawv. Qhov zoo ntawm molten tooj liab tsis tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm refining qhov cub thiab tuav lub cub tawg, tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, nws kuj nyob ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yaj los ntawm kev kis kab mob, oxygen-dawb tooj liab smelting feem ntau tsis siv cov additives rau smelting thiab refining. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej molten yog npog nrog charcoal thiab txo qhov cua tsim yog ib qho kev siv smelting cua.
Induction hluav taws xob qhov cub
Induction furnaces rau smelting oxygen-dawb tooj liab yuav tsum muaj zoo sealing zog. Smelting oxygen-dawb tooj liab yuav tsum siv high-zoo cathode tooj liab ua raw khoom. Txhawm rau smelt high-purity oxygen-dawb tooj liab, high-purity cathode tooj liab yuav tsum tau siv los ua raw khoom. Yog hais tias cov tooj liab cathode qhuav thiab preheated ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg, cov av noo los yog cov huab cua ntub uas yuav adsorbed ntawm nws qhov chaw tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm.
Thaum smelting oxygen-dawb tooj liab, lub thickness ntawm cov charcoal txheej npog lub nto ntawm lub molten pas dej ua ke nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg yuav tsum tau muab ob npaug rau ntawm smelting zoo tib yam tooj liab ntshiab, thiab charcoal yuav tsum tau hloov kho nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Txawm hais tias charcoal npog muaj ntau qhov zoo, xws li kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev sib cais ntawm huab cua thiab txo qis, nws kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, charcoal yooj yim absorbs huab cua noo thiab txawm ncaj qha absorbs noo noo, yog li ua ib tug channel los ntawm cov kua tooj liab yuav nqus tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm hydrogen.
Charcoal los yog carbon monoxide muaj kev txo qis ntawm cuprous oxide, tab sis tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv hydrogen. Yog li ntawd, charcoal yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv thiab calcined ua ntej muab ntxiv rau lub cub tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm smelting, hloov, txuag hluav taws xob thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem casting, ua tiav kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov yaj yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen.
Nyob rau hauv ntau niaj hnub oxygen-dawb tooj liab smelting thiab casting ntau lawm kab, tsis yog tsuas yog cov smelting, tab sis kuj lub ziab thiab preheating ntawm tus nqi, lub hloov mus launder, lub pouring chamber, thiab lwm yam yog tag nrho tiv thaiv. Qee qhov niaj hnub loj-loj cov pa oxygen tsis muaj tooj liab cov kab ntau lawm siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob tiv thaiv roj, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob feem ntau siv cov roj ntuj ua cov khoom siv raw.
Ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov roj tiv thaiv feem ntau siv txawv teb chaws yog: thawj zaug hlawv cov pa roj carbon dioxide nrog cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj leej faj thiab 94% mus rau 96% methane nrog huab cua theoretical, thiab siv nickel oxide ua qhov nruab nrab kom tshem tawm hydrogen. Lub resulting roj yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm Composed ntawm nitrogen thiab carbonic acid gas. Tom qab ntawd, cov pa roj carbonic acid hloov mus ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide los ntawm kev siv cov hluav taws kub kub kom tau cov pa tsis muaj oxygen uas muaj 20% mus rau 30% carbon monoxide thiab cov seem yog nitrogen. Ntxiv nrog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov pa roj xws li nitrogen, carbon monoxide lossis argon kuj tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev tiv thaiv cov hlau tsis muaj oxygen lossis ua kom zoo dua.
8. Nqus melting
Lub tshuab nqus tsev smelting yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau smelting zoo oxygen-dawb tooj liab. Lub tshuab nqus tsev yaj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo qis cov ntsiab lus oxygen, tab sis kuj txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm hydrogen thiab qee lwm yam impurity.
Thaum smelting nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev nruab nrab zaus coreless induction rauv, graphite crucibles thiab high-purity cathode tooj liab los yog remelted tooj liab uas tau refined ob zaug yog feem ntau siv raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv. Ntim rau hauv lub cub tawg ua ke nrog cov tooj liab cathode, nws kuj suav nrog flake graphite hmoov rau deoxidation. Qhov tseeb, deoxidation feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv cov khoom siv graphite crucible. Tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau tuaj yeem suav tau. Piv txwv li, 1 kg ntawm tooj liab siv 100 g ntawm carbon. Kev paub qhia tau hais tias qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa hauv cov kua tooj liab thaum pib, qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv deoxidation tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib ntawm smelting.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen uas tsis muaj tooj liab tau los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem qis dua 0 0005%, lossis txawm qis dua 0.0001% mus rau 0.0003%. Qhov tseeb, tsuas yog thaum tooj liab smelted thiab cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam degree ntawm nqus tsev vacuum, nws yog ua tau kom tau txais castings uas tsis muaj oxygen thiab lwm yam gases. Yog li, lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum siv los tsim cov khoom siv tooj liab rau cov raj hluav taws xob yuav tsum siab tshaj 10-6.
