Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tooj liab thiab kev xaiv ntawm sawing tsis, ib qho kev piav qhia ntxaws ntawm cov tsos ntawm tooj liab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tooj liab, thiab lwm yam.
1. Kev faib tawm ntawm tooj liab
1. Tooj
Liab tooj liab yog tooj liab ntshiab, tseem hu ua liab tooj liab. Nws tsis yog tooj liab dawb huv. Qee lub sij hawm me me ntawm deoxidizing cov ntsiab lus lossis lwm cov ntsiab lus tau ntxiv los txhim kho cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm, yog li nws kuj tau muab faib ua tooj liab alloy. Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv tooj liab liab tuaj yeem muab faib ua: tooj liab zoo tib yam (T1, T2, T3, T4), tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen (TU1, TU2 thiab siab-purity, nqus pa tsis muaj tooj liab), deoxidized tooj liab (TUP, TUMn) , ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm alloy Muaj plaub yam tshwj xeeb tooj liab ntsiab (arsenic tooj liab, tellurium tooj liab, thiab nyiaj tooj liab). Kev tsim nyog ntawm cov hlau lead, tellurium, sulfur, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
2. tooj dag
Copper alloys nrog zinc ua lub ntsiab ntxiv muaj xim daj zoo nkauj thiab raug xa mus ua tooj dag. Brass alloys uas muaj tsawg dua 36% zinc nyob rau hauv tooj liab yog tsim los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem thiab muaj cov cuab yeej txiav zoo. Piv txwv li, tooj dag uas muaj 30% zinc feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv cartridge, feem ntau hu ua cartridge case brass lossis 73 tooj dag. Brass alloys muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm 36% thiab 42% zinc yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Ntawm lawv, feem ntau siv tooj dag yog tooj dag alloy uas muaj 40% zinc. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tooj dag zoo tib yam, lwm cov ntsiab lus feem ntau ntxiv, xws li txhuas, npib tsib xee, manganese, tin, silicon, txhuas, thiab lwm yam. Brass yog muab faib ua:
1) Ordinary tooj dag, uas yog ib qho alloy uas muaj tooj liab thiab zinc.
Lub npe code yog sawv cev los ntawm "H + tus lej", H sawv cev rau tooj dag, thiab tus lej sawv cev rau feem ntau ntawm tooj liab. Piv txwv li, H68 txhais tau tias tooj dag nrog tooj liab cov ntsiab lus ntawm 68% thiab zinc ntsiab lus ntawm 32%. Cam khwb cia tooj dag muaj "Z" nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus lej, xws li ZH62. H90 thiab H80 yog ib theem, kub daj, yog li lawv tau sau ua ke hu ua kub, thiab hu ua coatings, decorations, medals, thiab lwm yam. H68 thiab H59 yog duplex tooj dag, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li bolts. , txiv ntseej, ntxhua khaub ncaws, springs, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, ib leeg-theem tooj dag yog siv rau kev ua deformation txias thiab duplex tooj dag yog siv rau kub deformation ua.
2) tooj dag tshwj xeeb
Ib qho khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv lwm cov ntsiab lus alloying rau cov tooj dag zoo tib yam hu ua tooj dag tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau cov khoom ntxiv muaj xws li txhuas, tin, txhuas, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem hu ua txhuas tooj dag, tooj dag, thiab txhuas tooj dag raws li. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog ua kom lub zog tensile thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
Code: Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm "H + lub cim ntawm lub ntsiab ntxiv (tshwj tsis yog zinc) + pawg loj ntawm tooj liab + pawg pawg ntawm lub ntsiab ntxiv + pawg pawg ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus".
Piv txwv li: HPb 59-1 txhais tau hais tias qhov loj feem ntawm tooj liab yog 59%, qhov loj feem ntawm cov hlau lead raws li cov ntsiab lus ntxiv yog 1%, thiab qhov sib npaug yog zinc.
3. Dawb tooj liab
Copper alloy nrog nickel ua lub ntsiab ntxiv. Cov tooj liab-nickel binary alloy yog hu ua cupronickel zoo tib yam; cupronickel alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li manganese, hlau, zinc, thiab txhuas yog hu ua complex cupronickel.
4. Tooj
Keeb kwm yog hais txog tooj liab-tin alloy, tom qab tooj liab alloys uas tsis yog tooj dag thiab dawb tooj liab yog hu ua tooj liab, thiab lub npe ntawm tooj liab feem ntau yog ua ntej los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub ntsiab ntxiv, xws li tin bronze, lead bronze, beryllium bronze thiab phosphor. tooj liab. Code: Txoj kev sawv cev yog "Q + lub ntsiab ntxiv rau lub cim thiab pawg pawg + pawg pawg ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus". Rau cov khoom cam khwb cia, lo lus "Z" yog ntxiv ua ntej lub npe code. Raws li txoj kev tsim khoom, tin bronze tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: kev ua haujlwm siab tin bronze thiab cam khwb cia tin bronze.
2. Cov tsos ntawm tooj liab
Dawb tooj liab, tooj dag, liab tooj liab (tseem hu ua "purple copper"), thiab bronze (xiav-grey lossis grey-daj) yog qhov txawv ntawm cov xim.
Ntawm lawv, tooj liab dawb thiab tooj dag yog qhov yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv; tooj liab liab yog tooj liab ntshiab (impurities<1%), and bronze (other alloy components are about 5%) is slightly difficult to distinguish. When it is not oxidized, the color of red copper is brighter than bronze, and bronze is slightly cyan or yellowish and darker; after oxidation, red copper turns black, and bronze is greenish (harmful oxidation of too much water) or chocolate color.
3. Copper sawing kev ua tau zoo
Los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm kev txiav quab yuam, lawv muab faib ua tooj liab, tooj liab dawb, tooj dag thiab liab tooj liab los ntawm loj mus rau me me.
Tooj liab feem ntau yog nplaum heev, ua rau nws nyuaj rau tshem tawm cov chips thiab yooj yim lo rau chips. Yog li ntawd, bimetallic band saw hniav nrog loj rake kaum feem ntau yog siv rau sawing. Vim tias nws lub zog txiav yog me me, qee cov tuam ntxhab kuj siv high-speed sawing. Lub linear ceev feem ntau yog teem rau ntawm li 800m / min, uas txawv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm high-ceev aluminium txiav, uas yog feem ntau 2000m / min thiab siab dua.
Brass muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li tooj liab, ib yam li No. 10 steel piv rau No. 45 steel. Feem ntau vim tias nws cov chip tawg ua haujlwm zoo dua li tooj liab.
Vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm npib tsib xee, thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab dawb tsis zoo li thawj ob, yog li lub peev xwm ntawm cov cua sov dissipation tsis zoo li thawj ob, thiab cov cuab yeej hnav yuav ntau dua.
Bronze yog cov khoom nyuaj tshaj plaws los txiav cov tooj liab no. Qee cov bronzes siv rau electrodes thiab hnav-resistant qhov chaw muaj hardness siab tshaj 40HRC. Yog li ntawd, carbide band saw hniav tuaj yeem siv los txiav bronze. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho yooj yim-rau-txiav bronze (nrog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv uas ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm txias) tseem tuaj yeem txiav nrog cov hniav zoo nkauj bimetal band saw hniav lossis lwm yam zoo tshaj band pom hniav.
